Recent progress in the direct ethanol fuel cell: development of new platinum–tin electrocatalysts

Synthesis and characterization of quaternary PtRuIrSn/C electrocatalysts for direct ethanol fuel cells

“…9a and b showing polarization curves recorded after the durability test normalized to the MEA surface area and platinum loading, respectively. The maximum power density of commercial Pt 83 Sn 17 33 /C showed a maximum power density loss of 52, 64 and 67%, respectively. At this stage, it is difficult to draw meaningful conclusions around this behavior because more post-durability investigations are needed regarding the catalyst composition, reaction products analysis, MEA diagnostics and more.…”

“…The difference in the performance results of PtSnRu/C [13][14][15] could be explained mainly by the difference in the methods employed for the preparation of the catalysts. For example, with binary catalysts, Lamy's group obtained the optimum performance with Pt:Sn (9:1) using methods such as co-impregnation-reduction [16] and the Bönneman method [17]. Conversely, Xin's group found that optimum performances were obtained with higher Sn content (PtSn (2:1) to PtSn (1:1)) using a modified-polyol method [18].…”

“…Fuel cell performance for a direct ethanol fuel cell was evaluated on MEAs made with catalysts of nominal compositions as follows: Pt 30 17 /C (E-tek). We based our choice of these compositions on the most performing catalyst with the lowest pre- cious metals content for the quaternary catalyst, which is compared to the two studied limit compositions representing ternary catalysts and two binary commercial catalysts.…”

Direct ethanol fuel cells based on PtSn anodes: the effect of Sn content on the fuel cell performance

“…Therefore, it is more attractive and appears to fulfill most of the requirements of the fuel for lowtemperature fuel cells. Thus, besides DMFC, direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC) is another promising low-temperature fuel cell [13][14][15][16].…”

Key Factors Affecting the Performance and Durability of Cathode Electrocatalysts in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells Characterized by In Situ Real Time and Spatially Resolved XAFS Techniques

“…Catalyst characterizations using NMR, Raman, FT-IR/ATR-IR, TEM/SEM, XRD, neutron scattering, soft-x ray XPS, etc. have extensively been studied [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13], but they are difficult to observe the dynamic and spatial behavior and transformation of Pt nanoparticles under PEFC operating conditions. In situ time-resolved X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) techniques are very powerful for in situ/ operando investigation of the local coordination structures and oxidation states of supported nanoparticle catalysts under working conditions particularly in such complex systems as PEFCs, involving Pt valence change and Pt-O/ Pt-Pt bonds transformation [14][15][16][17][18][19][20].…”