Recent Progress of Novel Nanotechnology Challenging the Multidrug Resistance of Cancer

Abstract

Multidrug resistance (MDR) of tumors is one of the clinical direct reasons for chemotherapy failure. MDR directly leads to tumor recurrence and metastasis, with extremely grievous mortality. Engineering a novel nano-delivery system for the treatment of MDR tumors has become an important part of nanotechnology. Herein, this review will take those different mechanisms of MDR as the classification standards and systematically summarize the advances in nanotechnology targeting different mechanisms of MDR in recent years. However, it still needs to be seriously considered that there are still some thorny problems in the application of the nano-delivery system against MDR tumors, including the excessive utilization of carrier materials, low drug-loading capacity, relatively narrow targeting mechanism, and so on. It is hoped that through the continuous development of nanotechnology, nano-delivery systems with more universal uses and a simpler preparation process can be obtained, for achieving the goal of defeating cancer MDR and accelerating clinical transformation.

A glutathione-responsive sulfur dioxide polymer prodrug selectively induces ferroptosis in gastric cancer therapy

“…20 Reportedly, the rapidly proliferating tumour cells usually contain a high level of GSH, which is essential for cancer progression and chemoresistance due to its antioxidant and detoxification capacity. 32–34 Therefore, we speculated that the elevated GSH concentrations in MKN-1 gastric cancer cells might be attributed to elevated SO 2 generation, which requires further experimental verification.…”

Advances in Nanomedicine Design: Multidisciplinary Strategies for Unmet Medical Needs

“…To date there are a plethora of nanomedicines under investigation for treating MDR cancer types, which are extensively summarized in recent review articles. , Major strategies to overcome MDR include development of inhibitors for ABC transporters, modification of formulation to increase dose of therapeutic agents, and silencing MDR genes to inhibit posttranscriptional process . To address such challenges, various NPs are developed including polymeric NPs (e.g., PLGA, polycaprolactone (PCL), polylactic acid (PLA), polyethyleneimine (PEI), hyaluronic acid (HA)), cyclodextrin, polysaccharides and polypeptides, SLN, liposomes, micelles, mesoporous silica NPs, dendrimers, and NLC .…”

Carvacrol-Fabricated Chitosan Nanoparticle Synergistic Potential with Topoisomerase Inhibitors on Breast and Cervical Cancer Cells

“…Their unique small size results in a greater interaction with cells due to the larger surface area, and they also have the ability to cross the tumor endothelium, so they are considered excellent for biomedical applications . Nanoparticles provide potential benefits such as reduced degradation during blood circulation, targeted drug delivery, reduced toxic effects, improved bioavailability, and enhanced therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs to overcome resistance . Chitosan is a biopolymer that contains the β-(1,4)-linked glucosamine units, and it is preferred over synthetic polymers, as it has some benefits including bioadhesiveness, biodegradability, cost effectiveness, nonantigenicity, biocompatibility, and nontoxicity.…”

“…9 Nanoparticles provide potential benefits such as reduced degradation during blood circulation, targeted drug delivery, reduced toxic effects, improved bioavailability, and enhanced therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs to overcome resistance. 10 Chitosan is a biopolymer that contains the β- (1,4)-linked glucosamine units, and it is preferred over synthetic polymers, as it has some benefits including bioadhesiveness, biodegradability, cost effectiveness, nonantigenicity, biocompatibility, and nontoxicity. Due to the bioadhesive nature of chitosan, it increases the residence time of the drug at the absorption site, so when the absorption of a drug is increased, then, ultimately, its bioavailability is also increased.…”