Recent progress of polar stationary phases in CEC and capillary liquid chromatography

Dong, Xianlin; Wu, Ren’an; Dong, Jing; Wu, Minghuo; Zhu, Yan; Zou, Hanfa

doi:10.1002/elps.200800412

Cited by 53 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 106 publications

(115 reference statements)

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“…When considering a novel stationary phase for some specific application, a proper method of coating the phase onto the column should also be taken into account to ensure that the phase design is practical. Among the column formats, the open-tubular (OT) style is comparatively straightforward; it does not require the fabrication of any frits to retain particulate packing or the precise blending of monomeric reagents with suitable porogens, as is required for monoliths [1,2]. However, OT-CEC suffers from a low-phase ratio of available functional ligands attached to the capillary wall.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Multi‐walled carbon nanotube composites with polyacrylate prepared for open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography

Chen

Lin

2010

Electrophoresis

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A method was developed for the chiral separation of dipeptides with two chiral centers. Although all analyzed peptides contain chromophores and they can be detected by UV-adsorption detection without any derivatization, the chiral separations were not achieved for non-derivatized peptides using the same chiral selectors and experimental conditions. In this paper, these dipeptides were precolumn derivatized by using naphthalene-2, 3-dicarboxyaldehyde as a tagging reagent. In the presence of 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-CD and sodium deoxycholate, naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxyaldehyde-tagged dipeptide enantiomers were well resolved by MEKC. Good separation of all enantiomers was obtained within 14 min. The proposed method was applied to chiral separation of dipeptide enantiomers in spiked human serum samples.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Multi‐walled carbon nanotube composites with polyacrylate prepared for open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography

Chen

Lin

2010

Electrophoresis

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“…Rather than the non-PSPs, the PSPs as the complementary stationary phases are also playing the irreplaceable role for the separation of highly polar compounds that showed limited extent of retention in the RP mode [1][2][3][4][5]. In recent years, many kinds of polar monolithic columns have been developed for CEC based on the separation mechanisms of hydrophilic interaction (HI) [6][7][8], chiral separation [9] and mixed modes, including mixed mode of HI/cation exchange [5,7,[10][11][12][13][14] and HI/ anion exchange [15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydrophilic interaction CEC (HI-CEC) based on polar stationary phases (PSPs) has attracted increasing attention [1,2]. Rather than the non-PSPs, the PSPs as the complementary stationary phases are also playing the irreplaceable role for the separation of highly polar compounds that showed limited extent of retention in the RP mode [1][2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfoalkylbetaine‐based monolithic column with mixed‐mode of hydrophilic interaction and strong anion‐exchange stationary phase for capillary electrochromatography

et al. 2010

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A novel monolithic stationary phase with mixed mode of hydrophilic and strong anion exchange (SAX) interactions based on in situ copolymerization of pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA), N,N-dimethyl-N-methacryloxyethyl N-(3-sulfopropyl) ammonium betaine (DMMSA) and a selected quaternary amine acrylic monomer was designed as a multifunctional separation column for CEC. Although the zwitterionic functionalities of DMMSA and hydroxy groups of PETA on the surface of the monolithic stationary phase functioned as the hydrophilic interaction (HI) sites, the quaternary amine acrylic monomer was introduced to control the magnitude of the EOF and provide the SAX sites at the same time. Three different quaternary amine acrylic monomers were tested to achieve maximum EOF velocity and highest plate count. The fabrication of the zwitterionic monolith (designated as HI and SAX stationary phase) was carried out when [2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium methylsulfate was used as the quaternary amine acrylic monomer. The separation mechanism of the monolithic column was discussed in detail. For charged analytes, a mixed mode of HI and SAX was observed by studying the influence of mobile phase pH and salt concentration on their retentions on the poly(PETA-co-DMMSA-co-[2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium methylsulfate) monolithic column. The optimized monolith showed good separation performance for a range of polar analytes including nucleotides, nucleic acid bases and nucleosides, phenols, estrogens and small peptides. The column efficiencies greater than 192 000 theoretical plates/m for estriol and 135 000 theoretical plates/m for charged cytidine were obtained.

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“…Polar stationary phases may contain amino-, cyano-, amido-, or diol-functional groups. These are suitable for CEC separations, because with the right mobile phase, they provide a charged matrix that creates electro-osmotic flow (EOF) [179]. The mobile phase significantly affects the quality of separation in polar mode [180].…”

Section: Polar Modementioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Monolithic Column Materials for the Separation and Analysis of Glycans

Alla

Stine

2015

Chromatography

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Monolithic column materials offer great advantages as chromatographic media in bioseparations and as solid-supports in biocatalysis. These single-piece porous materials have an interconnected ligament structure that limits the void volume inside the column, thus increasing the efficiency without sacrificing the permeability. The preparation of monolithic materials is easy, reproducible and has available a wide range of chemistries to utilize. Complex, heterogeneous and isobaric glycan structures require preparation methods that may include glycan release, separation and enrichment prior to a comprehensive and site-specific glycosylation analysis. Monolithic column materials aid that demand, as shown by the results reported by the research works presented in this review. These works include selective capture of glycans and glycoproteins via their interactions with lectins, boronic acids, hydrophobic, and hydrophilic/polar functional groups on monolith surfaces. It also includes immobilization of enzymes trypsin and PNGase F on monoliths to digest and deglycosylate glycoproteins and glycopeptides, respectively. The use of monolithic capillary columns for glycan separations through nano-liquid chromatography (nano-LC) and capillary electrochromatography (CEC) and coupling these columns to MS instruments to create multidimensional systems show the potential in the development of miniaturized, high-throughput and automated systems of glycan separation and analysis.

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Recent progress of polar stationary phases in CEC and capillary liquid chromatography

Cited by 53 publications

References 106 publications

Multi‐walled carbon nanotube composites with polyacrylate prepared for open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography

Multi‐walled carbon nanotube composites with polyacrylate prepared for open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography

Sulfoalkylbetaine‐based monolithic column with mixed‐mode of hydrophilic interaction and strong anion‐exchange stationary phase for capillary electrochromatography

Development of Monolithic Column Materials for the Separation and Analysis of Glycans

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