Recent Research Progress of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Regulation Policies and Technologies in Urban Low Altitude

Xu, Chenchen; Liu, Xiaohan; Tan, Junming; Ye, Huping; Lu, Haiying

doi:10.1109/access.2020.2987622

Cited by 132 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The operation of airborne vehicles is regulated by law in all countries, particularly for UAV operations in the lower atmosphere over land, due to the operations of UAV posing an acute risk to other air vehicles and persons or property on the ground [ 64 ]. In China, the operation of UAV is governed by the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) [ 65 ]. UAV operation is heavily regulated in China, so a permit is required for flying a UAV when the weight of the UAV is over 150 grams, the flying altitude is higher than 120 m and flying goes beyond visual range.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A UAV-Based Eddy Covariance System for Measurement of Mass and Energy Exchange of the Ecosystem: Preliminary Results

Sun

Sude

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Airborne eddy covariance (EC) measurement is one of the most effective methods to directly measure the surface mass and energy fluxes at the regional scale. It offers the possibility to bridge the scale gap between local- and global-scale measurements by ground-based sites and remote-sensing instrumentations, and to validate the surface fluxes estimated by satellite products or process-based models. In this study, we developed an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based EC system that can be operated to measure the turbulent fluxes in carbon dioxides, momentum, latent and sensible heat, as well as net radiation and photosynthetically active radiation. Flight tests of the developed UAV-based EC system over land were conducted in October 2020 in Inner Mongolia, China. The in-flight calibration was firstly conducted to correct the mounting error. Then, three flight comparison tests were performed, and we compared the measurement with those from a ground tower. The results, along with power spectral comparison and consideration of the differing measurement strategies indicate that the system can resolve the turbulent fluxes in the encountered measurement condition. Lastly, the challenges of the UAV-based EC method were discussed, and potential improvements with further development were explored. The results of this paper reveal the considerable potential of the UAV-based EC method for land surface process studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A UAV-Based Eddy Covariance System for Measurement of Mass and Energy Exchange of the Ecosystem: Preliminary Results

Sun

Sude

et al. 2021

Sensors

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“…The UAV low-altitude public air route network proposed by Liao [ 20 ] of China is a novel solution for UAV regulation in low-altitude airspace that has attracted widespread attention from researchers, policy makers and the public. The UAV low-altitude public air route network is a set of air corridors of certain widths in a separate airspace for UAVs below the minimum flight height of manned aircraft.…”

Section: Literature Review On Management Of Low-altitude Uavsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the United Kingdom, recreational/commercial UAVs that weigh 20 kg or less must fly more than 30 m away from people and more than 50 m away from buildings [ 19 ]. Xu et al comprehensively reviewed the regulatory policies and technologies of low-altitude UAV management [ 20 ]. Generally, although UAV airspace control measures adopted by different countries are effective, they are relatively simple and unsuitable for future scenarios with an increasing number of UAVs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A low-altitude public air route network for UAV management constructed by global subdivision grids

et al. 2021

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With an increasing number of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), the difficulty of UAV management becomes more challenging, especially for low-altitude airspace due to complicated issues of security, privacy and flexibility. Existing management approaches to UAV flights include implementing registration of flight activity for supervision purposes, limiting the maximum flight height, setting different zones for different flight activities and prohibiting flights. In this research, we proposed a new air traffic management method for UAVs based on global subdivision theory. We designed four types of low-altitude air routes from grids, which correspond to grid sizes of 1.85 km, 128 m, 64 m and 32 m. Utilization of the subdivision grids transforms the complex spatial computation problem into a query process in the spatial database, which provides a new approach to UAV management in the fifth-generation (5G) era. We compared the number and data size of stored track records using longitude and latitude and different grid levels, computed time consumption for air route trafficability and simulated UAV flight to verify the feasibility of constructing this type of air traffic highway system. The amount of data storage and time consumption for air route trafficability can be substantially reduced by subdivision. For example, the data size using traditional expressions of latitude and longitude is approximately 1.5 times that of using a 21-level grid, and the time consumption by coordinates is approximately 1.5 times that of subdivision grids at level 21. The results of the simulated experiments indicate that in the 5G environment, gridded airspace can effectively improve the efficiency of UAV trajectory planning and reduce the size of information storage in the airspace environment. Therefore, given the increasing number of UAVs in the future, gridded highways have the potential to provide a foundation for various UAV applications.

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“…Interested readers are referred to the study[8] for the most recent regulations and policies for the use of UAVs in the urban areas.…”

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confidence: 99%

Planning the Future of Smart Cities With Swarms of Fully Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using a Novel Framework

Kuru

2021

IEEE Access

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Recent Research Progress of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Regulation Policies and Technologies in Urban Low Altitude

Cited by 132 publications

References 62 publications

A UAV-Based Eddy Covariance System for Measurement of Mass and Energy Exchange of the Ecosystem: Preliminary Results

A UAV-Based Eddy Covariance System for Measurement of Mass and Energy Exchange of the Ecosystem: Preliminary Results

A low-altitude public air route network for UAV management constructed by global subdivision grids

Planning the Future of Smart Cities With Swarms of Fully Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using a Novel Framework

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