Recent sediment flux to the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna delta system

Rahman, Munsur; Dustegir, Maruf; Karim, Rezaul; Haque, Anisul; Nicholls, Robert J.; Darby, Stephen E.; Nakagawa, Hajime; Hossain, M.A.; Dunn, Frances; Akter, Masuma

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.147

Cited by 102 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The barrage, which was built at the apex of the delta, not only initiated sedimentation upstream of the barrage, but it also considerably reduced the sediment supply downstream (Gupta et al 2012). Field measurements show that there is now strong evidence that the combined sediment flux delivered by these two major river systems is following a declining trend (with a current rate of decline of ~10 Mt/a), such that the present fluvial sediment flux is probably about half (~500 Mt/a) of its pre-disturbance value (~1000 Mt/a) (Rahman et al 2018).…”

Section: The Ganges-brahmaputra-meghna Deltamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies (Pethick and Orford 2013;Brown and Nicholls 2015) show a wide range of variation of subsidence, varying from fraction of a millimetre to 45 mm/yr locally. Unable to cope with rising sea level and the reduced sediment supply (Rahman et al 2018) the western part of the delta, in effect now abandoned by the Ganges, has suffered severe land loss to the sea over at least the last 150 years. Between 1792 and 1984, the delta lost 368 km 2 in the west while gaining 1346 km 2 in the east (i.e., around the Meghna Estuary) (Allison 1998).…”

Section: The Ganges-brahmaputra-meghna Deltamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This means that it is critically important to understand the processes affecting sediment accretion-the geomorphic dynamics of deltas. In fact surface accretion rates can be understood to be affected primarily by two main factors: (i) the rate of fluvial sediment supply from the catchment upstream Dunn et al 2018;Rahman et al 2018), and (ii) the capacity of deltas to retain that sediment (Syvitski and Kettner 2011). Yet, both of these dimensions of geomorphic dynamics of deltas are Overview of the factors and processes contributing to relative sea-level rise within deltas.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Fluvial Sediment Supply and Relative Sea-Level Rise

Darby

Addo

Hazra

et al. 2019

Deltas in the Anthropocene

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The world’s deltas are facing a sustainability crisis, with many at high risk of being ‘drowned’ as a result of relative sea-level rise. The only factor that can potentially offset relative sea-level rise is the deposition of fluvial sediment on the surface of deltas. As a result, an understanding of trends in fluvial sediment supply to deltas is critical for understanding the potential of different deltas to adapt to the threat of drowning. Here trends of sediment supply to three of the world’s deltas (the Ganges-Brahmaputra, Mahanadi and Volta) are considered and the prospects for the future of these and other deltas discussed, focusing on how human activity can be modified to promote a more sustainable future for at-risk deltas.

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Section: The Ganges-brahmaputra-meghna Deltamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Ganges-brahmaputra-meghna Deltamentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluvial Sediment Supply and Relative Sea-Level Rise

Darby

Addo

Hazra

et al. 2019

Deltas in the Anthropocene

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“…Given all these attributes, it is not surprising that deltas have attracted socio-economic development involving agriculture, urbanization and industrialization. Today, coastal river deltas are among the Earth's more densely populated areas , Fan et al 2017, Tejedor et al 2017, Angamuthu et al 2018, Hagenlocher et al 2018, Rahman et al 2018.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developed river deltas: are they sustainable?

Loucks

2019

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Background. Coastal river deltas provide multiple ecosystem services. Many deltas serve as major centers of agriculture, industry and commerce. The annual economic benefits derived from major deltas are often a substantial fraction of a country's GDP. Yet, many deltas are losing land due to erosion, subsidence and subsequent flooding. Such vulnerabilities are often increased due to local land and water management decisions, relative sea-level rise, and increases in climate extremes. Aim of this review. Considerable literature exists addressing the formation of deltas and the effects of increasing urbanization, industrialization and crop and fish production, increases in relative sea level rise, and decreasing sediment deposition. This leads to the question: are the economic, environmental, ecological and social benefits derived from developed river deltas sustainable?This review focuses on this question. Methods/Design. Over 180 published documents were identified and reviewed using various search engines and key words. These key words included river deltas; ; and the names of specific river basin deltas. Review Results/Synthesis and Discussion. Deltas provide humans important resources and ecosystem services leading to their intensive development. The impacts of this development, together with sea-level rise, threatens the sustainability of many river deltas. Various management and governance measures are available to help sustain deltas. Controls on land use, improved farming and transport technology, wetland habitat protection, and d improved governance are some that might help sustain the economic and ecological services provided by deltas. However, increased population growth and the impacts of climate change will put increased pressure on deltas and the benefits derived from them.

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“…However, most large rivers have been significantly dammed at the central and upper reaches in recent decades, dramatically modifying stream hydrology and sediment delivery, resulting in changes in hydraulics and river delta development trend at the lower reaches (e.g. Räsänen et al, 2017;Rahman et al, 2018;Liu et al, 2018). Due to the fact that the response of tide-river interactions to the impacts of dams is diverse and non-uniform and that many more dams are to be built in the future, the impacts of the hydrodynamic interactions between tidal waves and seasonal river flows from natural variations and anthropogenic activities have become a common focus in international hydraulic research, especially in large tidal rivers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Three Gorges Dam's operation on spatial–temporal patterns of tide–river dynamics in the Yangtze River estuary, China

Cai

Zhang

et al. 2019

Ocean Sci.

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The Three Gorges Dam (TGD), located in the main stream of the Yangtze River, is the world's largest hydroelectric station in terms of installed power capacity. It was demonstrated that the TGD had caused considerable modifications in the downstream freshwater discharge due to its seasonal operation mode of multiple utilisation for flood control, irrigation, and power generation. To understand the impacts of the freshwater regulation of the TGD, an analytical model is adopted to explore how the operation of the TGD may affect the spatial-temporal patterns of tide-river dynamics in the Yangtze River estuary. We evaluated the effect of the TGD by comparing the changes in major tide-river dynamics in the post-TGD period (2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014) with those in the pre-TGD period (1979)(1980)(1981)(1982)(1983)(1984). The results indicate that the strongest impacts occurred during the autumn and winter, corresponding to a substantial reduction in freshwater discharge during the wet-to-dry transition period and slightly increased discharge during the dry season. The underlying mechanism leading to changes in the tide-river dynamics lies in the alteration of freshwater discharge, while the impact of geometric change is minimal. Overall, the results suggest that the spatial-temporal pattern of tide-river dynamics is sensitive to the freshwater regulation of the TGD, so that the ecosystem function of the estuary may undergo profound disturbances. The results obtained from this study can be used to set scientific guidelines for water resource management (e.g. navigation, flood control, salt intrusion) in dam-controlled estuarine systems.

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Recent sediment flux to the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna delta system

Cited by 102 publications

References 22 publications

Fluvial Sediment Supply and Relative Sea-Level Rise

Fluvial Sediment Supply and Relative Sea-Level Rise

Developed river deltas: are they sustainable?

Impacts of Three Gorges Dam's operation on spatial–temporal patterns of tide–river dynamics in the Yangtze River estuary, China

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