Recent Strategies for Automatic Generation Control of Multi-Area Interconnected Power Systems

Kumar, Ashwini; Singh, Omveer

doi:10.1109/rdcape47089.2019.8979071

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The following assumptions are made, 𝑇𝑇 𝑝𝑝𝑠𝑠 = 𝑇𝑇 𝑡𝑡 = 0 and the damping constants of the two areas are neglected, 𝐵𝐵 1 = 𝐵𝐵 2 = 0. Similarly, by the second assumption, equations ( 14) and ( 15) becomes [12], [14]:…”

Section: Dynamic Response Analysismentioning

confidence: 97%

“…So far, there are numerous studies about the LFC control scheme of interconnected power systems. In literature, there are various control schemes based on the conventional classical controllers (such as I, PI, PID controllers, among others) and the intelligent controllers (such as FLC, FGPI, Adaptive FLC controllers, among others) [11], [12]. Ref [12], presented a critical survey on power systems AGC, it is seen from the literature review, that the majority of the LFC works have been done on a two-area thermal-thermal or hydrothermal systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In literature, there are various control schemes based on the conventional classical controllers (such as I, PI, PID controllers, among others) and the intelligent controllers (such as FLC, FGPI, Adaptive FLC controllers, among others) [11], [12]. Ref [12], presented a critical survey on power systems AGC, it is seen from the literature review, that the majority of the LFC works have been done on a two-area thermal-thermal or hydrothermal systems. More so, based on modern control theory, it is seen that extensive research work is continuing to propose better AGC systems with [13], fuzzy system theory [14], ANFIS approach [15], neural network [16]and reinforcement learning [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic Tuning of the Controller Parameters in a Two-Area Multi-Source Power System for Optimal Load Frequency Control Performance

Gbadega

Saha

2020

JERA

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Frequency control is becoming increasingly critical today due to the growing size and changing structure of complex interconnected power networks. Scaling up economic pressures for efficiency and reliability of the power system has necessitated a requirement for maintaining system frequency, and tie-line power flows as close as possible to scheduled values. High-frequency deviations may degrade load performance, damage equipment, resulting in overloading of transmission lines, which may interfere with system protection schemes, and, finally, may also result in an unstable condition of the power system. More so, Load Frequency Control ( LFC) plays a vital role in the modern power system as an auxiliary service to support power exchanges and, at the same time, to provide better conditions for the trading of electricity. Therefore, the tuning of the dynamic controller (i.e., net frequency and net power interchange errors) is a significant factor in achieving optimum LFC performance. Appropriate tuning of the controller parameters is required in order to achieve excellent control action. In view of this, this paper introduces the dynamic tuning of controller parameters in a two-area multi-source power system with an AC-DC parallel tie line for optimum load-frequency control performance. Matlab/Simulink software is used to realize the system simulation. System dynamic performance is observed for conventional PID tuning by the Ziegler Nichols method and the Kitamori method, fuzzy logic controllers, fuzzy-logic PID controllers, fuzzy PID controllers, and polar-Fuzzy controllers. Furthermore, the frequency and tie-line power response of the interconnected areas were compared based on the setting-time, peak-overshoot, and peak-undershoot. The simulation results show that the responses of the fuzzy-based controllers are faster than those of the classical controllers, resulting in minimized frequency and tie-line power deviations.

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Section: Dynamic Response Analysismentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic Tuning of the Controller Parameters in a Two-Area Multi-Source Power System for Optimal Load Frequency Control Performance

Gbadega

Saha

2020

JERA

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“…This leads to an undesirable deviation in generating units' frequency and tie-line power. In order to retain the nominal values of frequency and tie-line power, a concept of automatic generation control (AGC) is acknowledged [4][5][6][7]. AGC balances generated output power and load demand, hence maintains frequency and tie-line power exchange [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SMART Method Based Optimal Control of AGC for Two-Area Interconnected Power System

Singh,

Waghmare,

Meena

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Automatic generation control (AGC) plays a vital role in creating an equilibrium between generated output power and load demand, in order to maintain frequency at desired value. This study focuses on performance analysis of simple-multi attribute rating technique (SMART) assisted proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller design for AGC of two interconnected power systems. PID controller is designed by minimizing frequency variations, area control errors for area-1 and area-2, and tie-line power deviation. An objective function is framed considering error minimization of aforementioned factors as sub-objectives. The construction of objective function involves using the integral of time-multiplied absolute error (ITAE) for frequency deviations for area-1 and area-2, ITAE for deviation in tie-line power, and ITAEs for area control errors for area-1 and area-2 as sub-objective functions. By assigning appropriate weights to these sub-objective functions, an overall objective function is formed. This study determines these weights in an organized manner using SMART method, rather than randomly/equally assigning them. Overall objective function is minimized using Jaya algorithm. To demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed Jaya-based PID controller, its performance is analysed and compared with controllers tuned using other optimization algorithms, including sine cosine, Luus-Jaakola, teacher-learner based optimization, Nelder-Mead simplex, and elephant herding optimization. Considering six different case studies that consider a range of load variations, responses for fluctuations in frequency and tie-line exchange are plotted. Statistical and non-parametric analysis performed further provide additional insights into the performance of Jaya-based PID controller.

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“…However, most intelligent control strategies are built on the CPS frequency control performance evaluation standard. The CPS index has low sensitivity for short-term inter-area power support evaluation, and cannot take into account the short-term benefits of frequency control performance (Kumar and Singh, 2019;Yang et al, 2019;Zhu et al, 2019). In a system with large-scale wind power grid connection, the ability of each region to comply with CPS indicators is limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligent Frequency Control Strategy Based on Reinforcement Learning of Multi-Objective Collaborative Reward Function

Zhang

Xie

et al. 2021

Front. Energy Res.

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Large scale wind power integration into the power grid will pose a serious threat to the frequency control of power system. If only Control Performance Standard (CPS) index is used as the evaluation standard of frequency quality, it will easily lead to short-term centralized frequency crossing, which will affect the effect of intelligent Automatic Generation Control (AGC) on frequency quality. In order to solve this problem, a multi-objective collaborative reward function is constructed by introducing a collaborative evaluation mechanism with multiple evaluation indexes. In addition, Negotiated W-Learning strategy is proposed to globally optimize the solution of the objective function from multi dimensions, it avoids the poor learning efficiency of the traditional Greedy strategy. The AGC control model simulation of standard two area interconnected power grid shows that the proposed intelligent strategy can effectively improve the frequency control performance and improve the frequency quality of the system in the whole-time scale.

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Recent Strategies for Automatic Generation Control of Multi-Area Interconnected Power Systems

Cited by 7 publications

References 59 publications

Dynamic Tuning of the Controller Parameters in a Two-Area Multi-Source Power System for Optimal Load Frequency Control Performance

Dynamic Tuning of the Controller Parameters in a Two-Area Multi-Source Power System for Optimal Load Frequency Control Performance

SMART Method Based Optimal Control of AGC for Two-Area Interconnected Power System

Intelligent Frequency Control Strategy Based on Reinforcement Learning of Multi-Objective Collaborative Reward Function

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