Recent studies on the potential for biological control of bracken using fungi

Burge, M. N.; Irvine, James

doi:10.1017/s0269727000008125

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Other researchers studying bioherbicides have also used young perennial plants (ranging from 'newly emerged' up to 6 weeks old) to determine basic requirements and give an indication of potential field performance (Burge & Irvine, 1985;Burge et al ., 1986;Heiny & Templeton, 1991;Heiny, 1994;. Similarly the use of 48 h LWD in these experiments, whilst being unlikely to occur in the field, provided a standard comparative treatment and ensured that leaf wetness was not limiting while evaluating other parameters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phoma aquilina Sacc. & Penz., one of the causal agents of curl-tip disease, has been studied for the control of bracken, Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn in the UK (Burge & Irvine, 1985;Burge et al ., 1986). Also, Phoma proboscis Heiny was investigated for the control of field bindweed, Convolvulus arvensis L., in the USA and combined with chemical herbicides to reduce the rate of spores required for control (Heiny, 1994).…”

Section: Selected Cultural and Environmental Parameters Influencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Selected cultural and environmental parameters influence disease severity of dandelion caused by the potential bioherbicidal fungi,Phoma herbarumandPhoma exigua

Stewart-Wade

Boland

2004

Biocontrol Science and Technology

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Selected cultural and environmental variables were investigated for their influence on the efficacy of Phoma herbarum and Phoma exigua to cause disease on dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) under growth room conditions. In both species, mycelial fragments caused significantly greater disease severity on dandelion than spore suspensions. Mycelial age was not an important factor in disease severity caused by P. herbarum, with all cultures causing high disease ratings. However, younger cultures of P. exigua caused the greatest disease severity on dandelion, but significantly less than that caused by P. herbarum. The initial pH of the growth medium (potato dextrose broth) did not affect disease severity caused by either Phoma species. Increasing concentrations of mycelia of P. herbarum were applied to dandelions that were then exposed to various leaf wetness durations. Disease severity increased with increasing leaf wetness duration. For dandelions exposed to no leaf wetness duration, the greater the mycelial concentration, the greater the disease rating. However, for dandelions exposed to all leaf wetness durations, all concentrations of mycelia caused similar disease ratings. As P. herbarum caused high disease ratings on dandelion, it therefore warrants further investigation as a potential bioherbicide for the control of this weed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Selected Cultural and Environmental Parameters Influencementioning

confidence: 99%

Selected cultural and environmental parameters influence disease severity of dandelion caused by the potential bioherbicidal fungi,Phoma herbarumandPhoma exigua

Stewart-Wade

Boland

2004

Biocontrol Science and Technology

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“…Sacc. (Ascomycota, inc. sed ) (Angus 1958;Burge & Irvine 1985;Fisher 1996), and leaf roll is associated with Cryptomycina pteridis (Gabel et al 1996). Other endophytes have been isolated Aureobasidium pullulans (de Bary) G. Arnaud (Ascomycota, Dothioraceae), Cylindrocarpon destructans (Zinssm.)…”

Section: Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several attempts have been made to develop fungi as myco-herbicides; Phoma isolated from dead or dying fronds proved pathogenic under glasshouse conditions (Angus 1958), and both Phoma sp. and Ascochyta pteridis have been assessed (Burge & Irvine 1985;Burge et al 1986;Womack et al 1995). This assessment considered a range of different fungal isolates, and the development of emulsion-based CDA application systems.…”

Section: Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Flora of the British Isles: Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn

2006

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Summary1 This account reviews information on all aspects of the biology of bracken Pteridium (mainly aquilinum ssp. aquilinum) that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, reproductive characters, herbivores and disease, history, and conservation. 2 Pteridium is a complex genus comprising a number of species, subspecies and varieties. The treatment here is based on a recent revision that incorporates both morphological and molecular data, and is related to its geographical distribution. 3 Pteridium is thought to be a woodland genus, but it can grow in the open. It is cosmopolitan and occurs on all continents except Antarctica. It responds to human disturbance and is often found in open spaces after forest clearance and cultivation. In some situations it can be a troublesome weed, causing problems for land managers. Moreover, its abundance and distribution in Britain are predicted to increase as a result of global climate change. 4 Pteridium aquilinum ssp. aquilinum, the most common taxon in the British Isles, occurs in many plant communities, and it is apparently limited by frost and waterlogging. Its abundance has probably increased in the relatively recent past as a result of changing land management, and this increase impinges on plant communities with a high conservation interest. The changed land management reflects changing use of agricultural land and also a reduction in the use of Pteridium as a resource. Accordingly, in many places Pteridium is viewed as a weed and management is needed to control it and restore more desirable vegetation. These management techniques are summarized.

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“…Other researchers studying bioherbicides have also used young perennial plants (ranging from 'newly emerged' up to 6 weeks old) to demonstrate certain effects and give an indication of potential field performance (Burge & Irvine 1985;Burge et al 1986;Heiny & Templeton 1991;Heiny 1994;Stewart-Wade & Boland 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oil emulsions increase efficacy ofPhoma herbarumto control dandelion but are phytotoxic

Stewart-Wade

Boland

2005

Biocontrol Science and Technology

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Paraffinic-vegetable and vegetable oil emulsions were investigated for their ability to increase efficacy of the fungal pathogen Phoma herbarum as a bioherbicide to control dandelion (Taraxacum officinale ) under sub-optimal leaf wetness durations (LWDs) in controlled environments. Mycelia of P. herbarum (20%, v/v) were formulated in 10 oil emulsions; two based on paraffinic-vegetable (soybean) oil mixtures, and eight based on vegetable (canola, coconut and soybean) oil emulsions alone. Emulsions were applied to dandelions using an automatic track sprayer and plants were exposed to sub-optimal LWDs simulating dew periods in field conditions. An aqueous formulation of P. herbarum was included as a standard treatment and formulations without P. herbarum were included as controls. Eight of 10 oil emulsions (two paraffinic-vegetable and six vegetable) significantly increased damage ratings caused by P. herbarum compared to the standard treatment under certain sub-optimal LWDs (P 0/0.05). However, all oil emulsions caused at least some phytotoxicity when applied alone under most LWDs. Also, the high viscosity of nine oil emulsions caused mixing and application problems. These results indicate that oil emulsions increase damage ratings caused by P. herbarum on dandelion under sub-optimal LWDs, but may not be suitable formulations due to their phytotoxicity and high viscosity.

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Recent studies on the potential for biological control of bracken using fungi

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

Selected cultural and environmental parameters influence disease severity of dandelion caused by the potential bioherbicidal fungi,Phoma herbarumandPhoma exigua

Selected cultural and environmental parameters influence disease severity of dandelion caused by the potential bioherbicidal fungi,Phoma herbarumandPhoma exigua

Biological Flora of the British Isles: Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn

Oil emulsions increase efficacy ofPhoma herbarumto control dandelion but are phytotoxic

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