This version is available at https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/44144/ Strathprints is designed to allow users to access the research output of the University of Strathclyde. Unless otherwise explicitly stated on the manuscript, Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Please check the manuscript for details of any other licences that may have been applied. You may not engage in further distribution of the material for any profitmaking activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute both the url (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/) and the content of this paper for research or private study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge.Any correspondence concerning this service should be sent to the Strathprints administrator: strathprints@strath.ac.ukThe Strathprints institutional repository (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk) is a digital archive of University of Strathclyde research outputs. It has been developed to disseminate open access research outputs, expose data about those outputs, and enable the management and persistent access to Strathclyde's intellectual output. AbstractHigh temperature processes may alter soil properties, creating potential risks of subsidence, erosion and other hazards. Soils may be exposed to high temperatures during some aggressive contaminant remediation processes as well as natural events such as fires. Characterising the effects of high temperatures on soil properties is essential to understanding the potential hazards that may arise after exposure. Thermal treatment and smouldering remediation were carried out on silica sand used here as a simple soil. Changes observed in physical properties were associated with the treatment type and exposure temperature. Particle, minimum and maximum densities were independent of heat treatment type and temperature. In contrast, particle size distribution, mineralogy, capillary rise, and hydraulic conductivity were linked to treatment type and exposure temperature with the most substantial changes associated with smouldering remediation. Changes in colour and mass loss with increasing temperature suggest changes within the crystal structure of the silica sand beyond loss of moisture content within the pore space and dehydration of iron deposits from goethite to hematite. Based on these observations, exposure to high temperature processes and the complex geo-chemical reactions during smouldering remediation can have significant effects on soil properties. Monitoring after exposure is advisable to determine the severity of exposure and any mitigation measures that may be necessary.

SynopsisCurl-tip disease of bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) is recorded from many sites in Great Britain. Evidence is presented which corroborates the findings of earlier workers that more than one organism is associated with the disease. Three fungi (Phoma aquilina, Ascochyta pteridis and Septoria sp.) are commonly isolated, even from the first visible necroses, suggesting that synergism may operate in pathogenesis. However, Phoma aquilina Sacc. and Penz. is more pathogenic than the others when used independently in inoculations via wounds into bracken raised in growth cabinets or the greenhouse. Field trials of a formulation of spores of P. aquilina, suspended in a dilute solution of the herbicide ioxynil with broth and glycerol, are reported. The potential of such a mycoherbicide for bracken control is considered.

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Following WRC-12, discussions have emerged with regard to the frequency arrangements in the 700 MHz band, out of band emissions (OOBE) of the mobile terminals below 694 MHz considering the allocation of the 694-790 MHz band to the mobile service. These discussions have shown that there is a tendency to partially harmonise with the APT plan and to adopt APT OOBE values. This reflects the emerging approach of countries in Regions 1 and 2 that are aligning themselves with Region 3 to lower the cost of end user equipment. Countries such as Australia and New Zealand are leading the discussion in Region 3. The 700 MHz issue has revealed that the ITU-R decision making procedures are mostly based upon consensus with the possibility of few countries blocking the discussion. Moreover, it suggests that there is a need to revise the current ITU-R structure of three regions.

Abstracts dehydration or plasmolysis. Protoplast structure is better preserved during cryopreservation as the rigours of dehydration are circumvented a:nd less wrinkling is apparent in frozen specimens.Holes or invaginations have been observed at the surface of many of the protoplasts. These do not appear to be interruptions of the membrane and have been observed by other workers (e.g. Burgess et al. 1977). They were not present on protoplasts that were plasmolysed, fixed, then treated with enzymes. The suggestion is advanced that these holes result from enzyme damage caused by the presence of proteases as impurities in the cell wall degrading enzymes.Protoplast regeneration Protoplasts were cultured on a modification of Moore's medium. The frequency of regeneration was generally low, the greatest percentage occurring with protoplasts isolated from crowded, slow-growing, more juvenile gametophyte cultures prolonged in the antheridial phase (possibly due to Apt production from the faster growing individuals; see Naf 1979, for review of antheridiogens). These gametophytes show parallels with the ameristic tumerous gametophytes, the protoplasts of which are capable of regeneration (Partanen et al. 1980). It seems that the regenerative capacity of Pteridium protoplasts is primarily dependent on the physiological condition of the cultures from which they are derived. A build-up of A Pt in the medium is therefore thought to be responsible for the change in cell wall composition which seems to occur as prothalli mature, as mentioned above.