Recent trends and applications of polysaccharides for microencapsulation of probiotics

Abstract

The viability of probiotic bacteria is always questionable when they exposed to the harsh environment and thus microencapsulation of probiotic bacteria is generally applied to enhance the viability during processing, storage, and also for the target delivery in gastrointestinal tract. Polysaccharide is one of the most widely used wall material in the area of probiotic microencapsulation. However, with the increasing demand and new application areas for probiotic microcapsules, traditionally used polysaccharides can barely satisfy such challenges. Therefore, seeking for new kinds of polysaccharides with preponderant properties that suitable for probiotic microencapsulation is now catching the interest of researchers and has important implication. This review focuses on the application of polysaccharides in the area of probiotic microencapsulation, including to classify the traditional polysaccharides according to their characteristic properties used especially for microencapsulation of probiotics, as well as to give a critical perspective on emerging polysaccharides applied as wall materials to encapsulate probiotic bacteria.

Low‐calorie synbiotic yoghurt from indigenous probiotic culture and combination of inulin and oligofructose: Improved sensory, rheological, and textural attributes

“…paracasei and oligofructose but significant improvement in probiotic viability was observed. Although nutritional properties of inulin and oligofructose are somewhat similar, inulin is reported to be less soluble than oligofructose owing to its longer chain length and can also form microcrystals upon shearing/mixing in water/milk (Franck, 2002; Liu et al., 2020). Variation in chain length have also been related to the difference in fermentation rate of the products (Kaur & Gupta, 2002).…”

Survival and storage stability of encapsulated probiotic under simulated digestion conditions and on dried apple snacks

“…Sodium alginate polymer has porous protective structure that help in diffusion (Chandy, Mooradian, & Rao, 1998; Devi & Kakati, 2013; Islan, De Verti, Marchetti, & Castro, 2012). Both sodium alginate and carrageen wall materials are economical, nontoxic, and easy to handle (Liu, Xie, & Nie, 2020).…”

“…Both sodium alginate and carrageen wall materials are economical, nontoxic, and easy to handle (Liu, Xie, & Nie, 2020).…”

Advancements in the Pharmaceutical Applications of Probiotics: Dosage Forms and Formulation Technology

“…These systems not only enhance the viability of probiotic bacteria in the GI tract but also improve their stability under various storage conditions. 55 Since polysaccharides are biocompatible, biodegradable, and not too expensive, numerous polysaccharides including chitosan, pectin, alginate, carrageenan, and xanthan are used for delivering probiotics either alone or as a combination of two polysaccharides or a polysaccharide and a non-polysaccharide. 55 These polysaccharide-based hydrogel systems should have an adequately small pore size compared to the dimensions of bacteria cells, thus retaining the entrapped probiotics in the hydrogel matrix until degradation of the network.…”