Recent trends and developments in pyrolysis–gas chromatography

Sobeih, Karina L.; Baron, Mark; Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Jose

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2007.10.017

Cited by 148 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 160 publications

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“…One such method is pyrolysis-GC/MS, in which a piece of sample is heated to a high temperature under inert gas atmosphere and volatile components together with pyrolysis fragments of larger molecules are separated and identified with a GC/MS system [4][5][6]. As already mentioned, most of the additives used today have a high molecular weight and are not volatile.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Analysis of Polymer Additives with MALDI-TOF MS Using an Internal Standard Approach

Schwarzinger

Gabriel

Beißmann

et al. 2012

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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MALDI-TOF MS is used for the qualitative analysis of seven different polymer additives directly from the polymer without tedious sample pretreatment. Additionally, by using a solid sample preparation technique, which avoids the concentration gradient problems known to occur with dried droplets and by adding tetraphenylporphyrine as an internal standard to the matrix, it is possible to perform quantitative analysis of additives directly from the polymer sample.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Analysis of Polymer Additives with MALDI-TOF MS Using an Internal Standard Approach

Schwarzinger

Gabriel

Beißmann

et al. 2012

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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“…Typically, the analytical techniques used to identify the fragments from pyrolysis are gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (MS). The coupling of these techniques has been applied for many years in the characterization of organic compounds [6,[11][12][13][14][15][16] . Among the various additives used in a rubber system, the analysis of sulfur compounds can be particularly complex.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Additives Typically Employed in EPDM Formulations by using FT-IR of Gaseous Pyrolyzates

Sanches¹,

Cassu²,

Diniz³

et al. 2014

Polímeros

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Abstract:In this study, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was employed to investigate the gaseous pyrolysis products of ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM). The objective was to evaluate the potential of FT-IR analysis of gaseous pyrolyzates (PY-G/FT-IR) for characterization of EPDM additives. Two EPDM formulations, containing additives typically employed in EPDM rubbers, were analyzed. Initially, gaseous pyrolysis products from paraffin oil, stearic acid, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline, tetramethylthiuram monosulfide (TMTM), tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD), and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) were characterized separately, and their main absorptions were identified. Subsequently, the gaseous pyrolysis products of raw, unvulcanized, and vulcanized EPDM formulations were analyzed. The similarities observed in the FT-IR spectra of unvulcanized and vulcanized EPDM show that the vulcanization process does not interfere with the pyrolysis products. The identification of the functional groups of the studied additives was possible in both unvulcanized and vulcanized EPDM samples, without solvent extraction. Results also demonstrate that the PY-G/FT-IR technique can identify additives containing sulfur in concentrations as low as 1.4 phr (1.26%) in both unvulcanized and vulcanized EPDM. However, the method showed some limitation due to overlapping and to similarities of TMTM and TMTD PY-G/FT-IR spectra, which could not be distinguished from each other. The PY-G/FT-IR technique is a faster and cheaper alternative to the sophisticated techniques usually applied to detection of additives in rubbers.

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“…However, as many specimens cannot be fitted into the sample tube, it is difficult to analyze trace components. The history and scope of Py-GC and Py-MS have been reviewed by Wampler [7], Sobeih [8], and Tsuge [9]. This review is mainly focused on its use in lacquer chemistry.…”

Section: Pyrolysis-gas Chromatography/mass Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry in Lacquer Research: A Review

Lü

Miyakoshi

2014

Polymers

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Examination of thermal degradation of natural and synthetic lacquer films by pyrolysis-gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) is reviewed. Due to the instantaneous heating decomposition, side reactions of internal or intermediate samples hardly occur, and the pyrolysis products can be retrieved without any change. Py-GC/MS has been used to analyze the composition of insoluble polymers and investigate degradation of resin materials. Lacquer film is a cross-linked polymer that is insoluble in any solvent. The aim of this review is to describe the application of Py-GC/MS to the analysis of lacquer, including natural lacquer saps, synthetic lacquer derivatives, and their films. After analyzing the chemical structures of the specific pyrolysis products by mass spectrometry, the lacquer tree species and growing region can be determined. These results have great significance for the protection and restoration of lacquer-coated cultural treasures.

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Recent trends and developments in pyrolysis–gas chromatography

Cited by 148 publications

References 160 publications

Quantitative Analysis of Polymer Additives with MALDI-TOF MS Using an Internal Standard Approach

Quantitative Analysis of Polymer Additives with MALDI-TOF MS Using an Internal Standard Approach

Characterization of Additives Typically Employed in EPDM Formulations by using FT-IR of Gaseous Pyrolyzates

Application of Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry in Lacquer Research: A Review

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