Recent X-ray hybrid CMOS detector developments and measurements

Hull, Samuel V.; Falcone, A.; Burrows, D. N.; Wages, Mitchell; Chattopadhyay, Tanmoy; McQuaide, Maria; Bray, Evan; Kern, Matthew

doi:10.1117/12.2273903

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This converging light is intercepted by an array of 26 X-ray re°ection gratings that disperses the photons into a spectrum. A co-aligned mirror array follows the gratings, which re°ects the light from the $100 mm collimator onto a 35 mm Â 35 mm Hybrid CMOS Detector (HCD) (Hull et al, 2017). More information about WRXR can be found in Miles et al (2017).…”

Section: The Wrxr Payloadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grating Alignment for the Water Recovery X-Ray Rocket (WRXR)

Tutt

McEntaffer

Miles

et al. 2019

J. Astron. Instrum.

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High-resolution, high-throughput soft X-ray spectroscopy using reflection gratings has the potential to unlock answers to many of the questions about the high-energy Universe. To enable missions to use this technology in the future, the ability to precisely align reflection gratings needs to be demonstrated. The Water Recovery X-ray Rocket (WRXR), a soft X-ray spectrometer that successfully launched in April 2018 from the Kwajalein Atoll, required co-aligned X-ray reflection gratings. WRXR was designed to produce a moderate-resolution spectrum of the Vela supernova remnant over a large field-of-view. The grating module was manufactured, integrated onto the rocket payload, passed environmental testing and was successfully launched and recovered. This paper describes the grating and mirror alignment methodologies for WRXR, and their inherent systematic uncertainties. Improvements to the alignment method that are required to meet the tighter alignment tolerances of future X-ray spectrometers are also discussed.

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Section: The Wrxr Payloadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grating Alignment for the Water Recovery X-Ray Rocket (WRXR)

Tutt

McEntaffer

Miles

et al. 2019

J. Astron. Instrum.

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“…This indicates that the image spreads over the true electron trajectory. It is probably be caused by charge sharing due to interpixel capacitance [13] and may affect the energy resolution. How-ever, using pixel values of adjacent pixels, we can reconstruct the electron trajectory well as described in Section 4.…”

Section: Cmosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Si-CMOS hybrid detectors towards electron tracking based Compton imaging in semiconductor detectors

Yoneda

Watanabe

Ikeda

et al. 2018

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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Electron tracking based Compton imaging is a key technique to improve the sensitivity of Compton cameras by measuring the initial direction of recoiled electrons. To realize this technique in semiconductor Compton cameras, we propose a new detector concept, Si-CMOS hybrid detector. It is a Si detector bump-bonded to a CMOS readout integrated circuit to obtain electron trajectory images. To acquire the energy and the event timing, signals from N-side are also read out in this concept. By using an ASIC for the N-side readout, the timing resolution of few µs is achieved. In this paper, we present the results of two prototypes with 20 µm pitch pixels. The images of the recoiled electron trajectories are obtained with them successfully. The energy resolutions (FWHM) are 4.1 keV (CMOS) and 1.4 keV (N-side) at 59.5 keV. In addition, we confirmed that the initial direction of the electron is determined using the reconstruction algorithm based on the graph theory approach. These results show that Si-CMOS hybrid detectors can be used for electron tracking based Compton imaging.

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“…6 Given the unique HDXI requirements for small pixels to sample the high-resolution Lynx optics (16 μm versus 130 μm for ATHENA WFI) and excellent low-energy response to study both highly redshifted and very soft cosmic sources (as low as 0.3 versus 1.0 keV for FORCE), two alternative architectures featuring readout circuitry in each pixel are being developed to meet HDXI requirements. 7,8 The detectors developed for the HDXI may also serve in the readout subsystem of the Lynx x-ray grating spectrograph (XGS) instrument. As noted elsewhere in this special issue, XGS sensor requirements in the soft x-ray band (below ∼2 keV) are similar to those of HDXI, and the detector technology we describe here has application in both instruments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward fast, low-noise charge-coupled devices for Lynx

Bautz

Burke

Cooper

et al. 2019

J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst.

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Lynx requires large-format x-ray imaging detectors with performance at least as good as the best current-generation devices but with much higher readout rates. We are investigating an advanced chargecoupled device (CCD) detector architecture under development at MIT Lincoln Laboratory for use in the Lynx high-definition x-ray imager and x-ray grating spectrometer instruments. This architecture features a CMOScompatible detector integrated with parallel CMOS signal processing chains. Fast, low-noise amplifiers and highly parallel signal processing provide the high frame rates required. CMOS-compatibility of the CCD enables low-power charge transfer and signal processing. We report on the performance of CMOS-compatible test CCDs read at pixel rates up to 5.0 Mpix s −1 (50 times faster than Chandra ACIS CCDs), with transfer clock swings as low as 1.0-V peak-to-peak (power/gate-area comparable to ACIS CCDs at 100 times the parallel transfer rate). We measure read noise of 4.6 electrons RMS at 2.5 MHz and x-ray spectral resolution better than 150-eV full-width at half maximum at 5.9 keV for single-pixel events. We report charge transfer efficiency measurements and demonstrate that buried channel trough implants as narrow as 0.8 μm are effective in improving charge transfer performance. We find that the charge transfer efficiency of these devices drops significantly as detector temperature is reduced from ∼ − 30°C to −60°C. We point out the potential of previously demonstrated curved-detector fabrication technology for simplifying the design of the Lynx high-definition imager. We discuss the expected detector radiation tolerance at these relatively high transfer rates. Finally, we note that the high pixel "aspect ratio" (depletion depth: pixel size ≈9∶1) of our test devices is similar to that expected for Lynx detectors and discuss implications of this geometry for x-ray performance and noise requirements. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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Recent X-ray hybrid CMOS detector developments and measurements

Cited by 13 publications

References 22 publications

Grating Alignment for the Water Recovery X-Ray Rocket (WRXR)

Grating Alignment for the Water Recovery X-Ray Rocket (WRXR)

Development of Si-CMOS hybrid detectors towards electron tracking based Compton imaging in semiconductor detectors

Toward fast, low-noise charge-coupled devices for Lynx

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