Recently Discovered Secondary Metabolites from Streptomyces Species

Abstract

The Streptomyces genus has been a rich source of bioactive natural products, medicinal chemicals, and novel drug leads for three-quarters of a century. Yet studies suggest that the genus is capable of making some 150,000 more bioactive compounds than all Streptomyces secondary metabolites reported to date. Researchers around the world continue to explore this enormous potential using a range of strategies including modification of culture conditions, bioinformatics and genome mining, heterologous expression, and other approaches to cryptic biosynthetic gene cluster activation. Our survey of the recent literature, with a particular focus on the year 2020, brings together more than 70 novel secondary metabolites from Streptomyces species, which are discussed in this review. This diverse array includes cyclic and linear peptides, peptide derivatives, polyketides, terpenoids, polyaromatics, macrocycles, and furans, the isolation, chemical structures, and bioactivity of which are appraised. The discovery of these many different compounds demonstrates the continued potential of Streptomyces as a source of new and interesting natural products and contributes further important pieces to the mostly unfinished puzzle of Earth’s myriad microbes and their multifaceted chemical output.

Synergistic effect of co-culture rhizosphere Streptomyces: A promising strategy to enhance antimicrobial activity and plant growth-promoting function

“…The antimicrobial mechanism of most cyclic peptides is similar, that is they can enter the cell plasma membrane to interfere with the cell plasma membrane barrier by self-promotion. Peptide antibiotics do not easily cause resistance and are not prone to cross-resistance with other antibiotics, which attract continuous attention ( Lacey and Rutledge, 2022 ). A total of 17 cyclic peptides were identified under the three culture conditions, of which seven were produced by MDJK44, 7 by MDJK11, and 10 by the co-culture condition ( Figure 10 ).…”

Biocontrol Potential of Endophytic Streptomyces malaysiensis 8ZJF-21 From Medicinal Plant Against Banana Fusarium Wilt Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4

“…Indeed, the antagonistic activity of Streptomyces spp. against phytopathogens is related to the production of antimicrobial compounds including antibiotics, enzymes, and alkaloids ( Lacey and Rutledge, 2022 ). Among approximately 23,000 of the identified bioactive metabolites produced by microorganisms, about 7,600 compounds were found from the genus Streptomyces ( Olanrewaju and Babalola, 2019 ).…”

Revealing Genome-Based Biosynthetic Potential of Streptomyces sp. BR123 Isolated from Sunflower Rhizosphere with Broad Spectrum Antimicrobial Activity

“…However, the genome-based approaches have divulged that most of the BGCs are not expressed under certain laboratory conditions, proposing that the capability of Streptomyces to produce secondary compounds has been underestimated [ 13 , 14 ]. On average, each Streptomyces has the potential to produce more than 30 secondary metabolites, meaning that they are a valuable source of natural product discovery [ 15 ]. The genomic data of over 1141 strains of Streptomyces are deposited and available in the GenBank database.…”