Abstract:Rechargeable proton‐exchange membrane batteries that employ organic chemical hydrides as hydrogen‐storage media have the potential to serve as next‐generation power sources; however, significant challenges remain regarding the improvement of the reversible hydrogen‐storage capacity. Here, we address this challenge through the use of metal‐ion redox couples as energy carriers for battery operation. Carbon, with a suitable degree of crystallinity and surface oxygenation, was used as an effective anode material f… Show more
“…Energy storage and transition systems, including Li//air12, Mg/air3, metal (V, Sn, Ni)//air4, Zn//air5, Tin/Air6, aqueous rechargeable lithium/sodium batteries178910, redox flow batteries11, Li//I 2 12, Li//sulphur13, and Li//Se14, Fuel cell1516, capacitor1718, have been developed rapidly to satisfy the various energy demands of electronics and electric automobiles. Recently, based on aqueous rechargeable battery -rechargeable hybrid aqueous batteries (ReHABs)- have been widely developed6789 on account of their safety, environmental friendliness, and low cost.…”
A rechargeable hybrid aqueous battery (ReHAB) containing NASICON-type M3V2(PO4)3 (M = Li, Na) as the cathodes and Zinc metal as the anode, working in Li2SO4-ZnSO4 aqueous electrolyte, has been studied. Both of Li3V2(PO4)3 and Na3V2(PO4)3 cathodes can be reversibly charge/discharge with the initial discharge capacity of 128 mAh g−1 and 96 mAh g−1 at 0.2C, respectively, with high up to 84% of capacity retention ratio after 200 cycles. The electrochemical assisted ex-XRD confirm that Li3V2(PO4)3 and Na3V2(PO4)3 are relative stable in aqueous electrolyte, and Na3V2(PO4)3 showed more complicated electrochemical mechanism due to the co-insertion of Li+ and Na+. The effect of pH of aqueous electrolyte and the dendrite of Zn on the cycling performance of as designed MVP/Zn ReHABs were investigated, and weak acidic aqueous electrolyte with pH around 4.0–4.5 was optimized. The float current test confirmed that the designed batteries are stable in aqueous electrolytes. The MVP//Zn ReHABs could be a potential candidate for future rechargeable aqueous battery due to their high safety, fast dynamic speed and adaptable electrochemical window. Moreover, this hybrid battery broadens the scope of battery material research from single-ion-involving to double-ions -involving rechargeable batteries.
“…Energy storage and transition systems, including Li//air12, Mg/air3, metal (V, Sn, Ni)//air4, Zn//air5, Tin/Air6, aqueous rechargeable lithium/sodium batteries178910, redox flow batteries11, Li//I 2 12, Li//sulphur13, and Li//Se14, Fuel cell1516, capacitor1718, have been developed rapidly to satisfy the various energy demands of electronics and electric automobiles. Recently, based on aqueous rechargeable battery -rechargeable hybrid aqueous batteries (ReHABs)- have been widely developed6789 on account of their safety, environmental friendliness, and low cost.…”
A rechargeable hybrid aqueous battery (ReHAB) containing NASICON-type M3V2(PO4)3 (M = Li, Na) as the cathodes and Zinc metal as the anode, working in Li2SO4-ZnSO4 aqueous electrolyte, has been studied. Both of Li3V2(PO4)3 and Na3V2(PO4)3 cathodes can be reversibly charge/discharge with the initial discharge capacity of 128 mAh g−1 and 96 mAh g−1 at 0.2C, respectively, with high up to 84% of capacity retention ratio after 200 cycles. The electrochemical assisted ex-XRD confirm that Li3V2(PO4)3 and Na3V2(PO4)3 are relative stable in aqueous electrolyte, and Na3V2(PO4)3 showed more complicated electrochemical mechanism due to the co-insertion of Li+ and Na+. The effect of pH of aqueous electrolyte and the dendrite of Zn on the cycling performance of as designed MVP/Zn ReHABs were investigated, and weak acidic aqueous electrolyte with pH around 4.0–4.5 was optimized. The float current test confirmed that the designed batteries are stable in aqueous electrolytes. The MVP//Zn ReHABs could be a potential candidate for future rechargeable aqueous battery due to their high safety, fast dynamic speed and adaptable electrochemical window. Moreover, this hybrid battery broadens the scope of battery material research from single-ion-involving to double-ions -involving rechargeable batteries.
“…The limiting current I L of the sensor increases with increasing T , which is due to the increase of conductivity of (4YSZ) 0.93 (Fe 2 O 3 ) 0.07 dense diffusion barrier. (3) In high voltage, output current increases with applied voltage, which is caused by oxide reductions of solid electrolyte 18,19 .Figure 6 I - V characteristic curves of the oxygen sensor in different temperature in an oxygen concentration of 4.70%.…”
(4YSZ)
0.93
(Fe
2
O
3
)
0.07
and 9 mol% Y
2
O
3
stabilized ZrO
2
(9YSZ) were synthesized by co-precipitation method and their crystalline structure, microstructure, electronic conductivity, total conductivity were characterized. A limiting current oxygen sensor was assembled with (4YSZ)
0.93
(Fe
2
O
3
)
0.07
dense diffusion barrier and 9YSZ solid electrolyte by Pt sintered-paste method. Influences of temperature (
T
), oxygen concentration (
x
(O
2
)) and water vapor pressure (
p
(H
2
O)) on sensing characteristics of the limiting current oxygen sensor were investigated. The crystalline structure of (4YSZ)
0.93
(Fe
2
O
3
)
0.07
and 9YSZ belong to cubic structure with
. The total conductivity of (4YSZ)
0.93
(Fe
2
O
3
)
0.07
is higher than that of 9YSZ and the electronic and total conductivities of the samples meet the linear relationship with 1000/
T
. The limiting current oxygen sensor exhibits excellent sensing characteristics under test conditions. The effects of
T
,
x
(O
2
) and
p
(H
2
O) are as follows: Log(
I
L
·
T
) depends linearly on 1000/
T
,
I
L
depends linearly on
x
(O
2
) and
I
L
is not significantly dependent on
p
(H
2
O).
“…Commercially available Pt/C brushed on a gas diffusion layer (40 wt% Pt, ElectroChem) was employed as the counter electrode. SAHPO powder was synthesized according to a previously reported procedure 38 . PTFE powder (0.04 g) was added to 1.00 g of SAHPO powder, kneaded using a mortar and pestle, and then cold-rolled to a thickness of 250 μm using a laboratory rolling mill.…”
Numerous studies have examined the switching properties of semi- or ion-conductors and isolators; however, most of these have focused on the ohmic resistance characteristics. Here, we report a new type of polarity-dependent switching phenomenon obtained for electrical devices with the configuration: metal working electrode│Si0.97Al0.03H0.03P2O7-polytetrafluoroethylene composite electrolyte│Pt/C counter electrode. The counter electrode is reversibly active for the water vapor oxidation and evolution reactions. The composite electrolyte exhibits high withstanding voltage capability in the bias voltage range of ±7 V. When titanium was employed as the working electrode, the anodic polarization resistance was approximately two orders of magnitude greater than the cathodic polarization resistance. The ohmic resistance of the device was almost unchanged, regardless of the bias voltage polarity. Moreover, kinetically induced high-resistance/low-resistance states could be cyclically switched through positive/negative bias voltage pulses, and these states were also confirmed to be memorized at open circuit.
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