Recidivism Among Patients with Gonococcal Infection Presenting to a Venereal Disease Clinic

Noble, Robert C.; SLAGEL, W. A.; VANCE, B. J.; Somes, Grant W.

doi:10.1097/00007435-197704000-00001

Cited by 34 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…By down regulating T cells, the gonococcus could potentially limit the antibody response by inhibiting Tcell helper functions. These findings are consistent with the observation that individuals recovering from gonococcal disease do not develop immunity to further episodes (4,21,35,40).…”

supporting

confidence: 91%

“…Microscopic examination of the discharge reveals that it is characterized by large numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes associated with extracellular and intracellular diplococci. Although a robust inflammatory response ensues during symptomatic infection, no apparent protective immunity is developed following infection, as shown in a male human challenge study (44) and by the high incidence of recidivism among patients attending sexually transmitted disease clinics (4,21,35,40).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunogenicity of Gonococcal Transferrin Binding Proteins during Natural Infections

2004

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In this study, we examined the immune response during gonococcal infection to the individual transferrin binding proteins by using a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Recombinant transferrin binding protein A (rTbpA) and rTbpB were purified under nondenaturing conditions for use as ELISA antigens. Sera and secretions from culture-positive individuals were analyzed for antibodies to rTbpA and rTbpB and compared to samples from individuals with no history of gonococcal infection. Although antibodies to both rTbpA and rTbpB were detected in serum, in most cases the antibody levels were not significantly different from those measured in the control population. Also, previous history of gonococcal infection did not increase antibody levels in serum, suggesting the lack of an anamnestic response. Analysis of secretion samples revealed antibody levels that were generally below the limits of detection in our assay. Overall, this study demonstrated a paucity of systemic and local antibody responses to rTbps as a result of natural infection and represents a baseline over which a protective antibody response will have to be generated in order to develop an efficacious gonococcal vaccine.

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supporting

confidence: 91%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunogenicity of Gonococcal Transferrin Binding Proteins during Natural Infections

2004

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“…This disease control strategy would be likely to be most fruitful in a city with hyperendemic gonorrhea rates and a large burden of repeat gonorrhea infections 6,[22][23][24]26,28 such as Baltimore, MD. 12 In our cohort, the incidence of gonorrhea reinfection (13.8% per year) was higher than predicted by STD clinic-based surveillance, 24 but most cases of reinfection were still detected in the follow-up period through passive systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 -21 Although safe and effective single-dose treatment is available, gonorrhea reinfections can account for as much as 48% of reported morbidity. 6,[22][23][24][25][26][27] Gonorrhea reinfections after treatment have consistently found to be associated with male gender, 23,25 black race, 23,[25][26][27][28][29] younger age, 23,25,26 low socioeconomic status, [25][26][27][28] and increased number of sexual partners. 25,26,29 In Baltimore, we have shown that those with reinfections were more likely to live closer to other repeaters.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gonorrhea Reinfection Among Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic Attendees in Baltimore, Maryland

Bernstein¹,

Zenilman²,

Olthoff³

et al. 2006

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

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“…One of the central tenets of the core group model holds that a relatively small group of individuals contributes disproportionately to the overall community STD burden [6,8,9]. Within this group are so-called high-frequency transmitters who sustain disease in the population through their activities, which exceed a disease-specific critical threshold for rate of partner exchange [10].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Features of Urethritis in a Cohort of Male Soldiers

McKee

Jenkins

Garner

et al. 2000

Clinical Infectious Diseases

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Of 400 cases of urethritis in male soldiers enrolled in a behavioral intervention project, the etiology of 69% was defined at study enrollment, as well as the etiology of 72% of 25 repeated episodes involving 21 men during the first 78 days of active follow-up (5% of the cohort). Chlamydia trachomatis (36%), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (34%), and Ureaplasma urealyticum (19%) were the most common causes of infection identified at enrollment and during subsequent visits (44%, 28%, and 12%, respectively). By univariate analysis, patients with repeated infection ("repeaters") were significantly more likely to report a history of sexually transmitted disease (STD; relative risk [RR], 3) and sex with sex workers (RR, 4) than were nonrepeaters. By multivariate analysis, only STD history was significant (RR, 2.8). Characteristics of repeaters in this cohort suggest that specific patterns may be used to establish screening "profiles" of potential repeaters, by which such individuals might be targeted for aggressive intervention at the time of the initial diagnosis.

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Recidivism Among Patients with Gonococcal Infection Presenting to a Venereal Disease Clinic

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

Immunogenicity of Gonococcal Transferrin Binding Proteins during Natural Infections

Immunogenicity of Gonococcal Transferrin Binding Proteins during Natural Infections

Gonorrhea Reinfection Among Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic Attendees in Baltimore, Maryland

Features of Urethritis in a Cohort of Male Soldiers

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