Reciprocal Angulation of Vertebral Bodies in a Sagittal Plane: Approach to References for the Evaluation of Kyphosis and Lordosis

Stagnara, P; Jc, de Mauroy; Dran, G.; Gp, Gonon; Costanzo, Giuseppe; Dimnet, J.; Pasquet, Agnès

doi:10.1097/00007632-198207000-00003

Cited by 553 publications

(277 citation statements)

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“…However, thoracic kyphosis was between 20 and 44°in four out of five men and between 16 and 36°in four out of five women. We suggest these as physiological limits of thoracic kyphosis at the age of 22 years, almost in accordance with the previous literature [8].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Development of spinal posture in a cohort of children from the age of 11 to 22 years

Poussa

Heliövaara

Seitsamo³

et al. 2005

Eur Spine J

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Development of spinal posture in a cohort of children from the age of 11 to 22 years

Poussa

Heliövaara

Seitsamo³

et al. 2005

Eur Spine J

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“…However, the two largest modes of variation found here, 'curviness' (M1) and 'evenness' (M2), describe a similar variation to that previously described [1,3]. Although there is a large variation in spinal shapes between individuals [1,3,[24][25][26], these two modes capture most of this variation and account for between 84 % [1], 91 % [3] and, in this study, 90 % of the total variance. The factors that may underpin the variation in spinal shapes between individuals and possible biomechanical and clinical implications have been discussed previously [3].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

The lumbar spine has an intrinsic shape specific to each individual that remains a characteristic throughout flexion and extension

et al. 2014

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Purpose We have previously shown that the lumbar spine has an intrinsic shape specific to the individual and characteristic of sitting, standing and supine postures. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that this intrinsic shape is detectable throughout a range of postures from extension to full flexion in healthy adults. Methods Sagittal images of the lumbar spine were taken using a positional MRI with participants (n = 30) adopting six postures: seated extension, neutral standing, standing with 30, 45 and 60°and full flexion. Active shape modelling (ASM) was used to identify and quantify 'modes' of variation in the shape of the lumbar spine. Results ASM showed that 89.5 % of the variation in the shape of the spine could be explained by the first two modes; describing the overall curvature and the distribution of curvature of the spine. Mode scores were significantly correlated between all six postures (modes 1-9, r = 0.4-0.97, P \ 0.05), showing that an element of intrinsic shape was maintained when changing postures. The spine was most even in seated extension (P \ 0.001) and most uneven between 35 and 45°flexion (P \ 0.05). Conclusions This study shows that an individual's intrinsic lumbar spine shape is quantifiable and detectable throughout lumbar flexion and extension. These findings will enable the role of lumbar curvature in injury and low back pain to be assessed in the clinic and in the working and recreational environments.

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“…1 Evaluation of global sagittal alignment using the spino-sacral angle (a) and the C7/SFD ratio (b). The SSA is defined as the angle between the sacral plate and the line connecting the centroid of C7 vertebral body and the midpoint of the sacral plate [23]. Sacrofemoral distance (SFD) is the horizontal distance between the vertical bicoxo-femoral axis and the vertical line passing through the posterior corner of the sacrum.…”

Section: Global Balance Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compensatory mechanisms contributing to keep the sagittal balance of the spine

Barrey

Roussouly

Huec³

et al. 2013

Eur Spine J

380

244

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Introduction Aging spine is characterized by facet joints arthritis, degenerative disc disease, bone remodeling and atrophy of extensor muscles resulting in a progressive kyphosis of the lumbar spine. Objective The aim of this paper is to describe the different compensatory mechanisms for patients with severe degenerative lumbar spine. Material and methods According to the severity of the imbalance, three stages are observed: balanced, balanced with compensatory mechanisms and imbalanced. For the two last stages, the compensatory mechanisms permit to limit the consequences of loss of lumbar lordosis on global sagittal alignment and therefore contribute to keep the sagittal balance of the spine. Results The basic concept is to extend adjacent segments of the kyphotic spine allowing for compensation of the sagittal unbalance but potentially inducing adverse effects.Conclusion Finally, we propose a three-step algorithm to analyze the global balance status and take into consideration the presence of the compensatory mechanisms in the spinal, pelvic and lower limb areas.

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Reciprocal Angulation of Vertebral Bodies in a Sagittal Plane: Approach to References for the Evaluation of Kyphosis and Lordosis

Cited by 553 publications

References 0 publications

Development of spinal posture in a cohort of children from the age of 11 to 22 years

Development of spinal posture in a cohort of children from the age of 11 to 22 years

The lumbar spine has an intrinsic shape specific to each individual that remains a characteristic throughout flexion and extension

Compensatory mechanisms contributing to keep the sagittal balance of the spine

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