Reciprocal Response of Human Oral Epithelial Cells to Internalized Silica Nanoparticles

Abstract

Silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) are one of the most widely used engineered nanoparticles and can been found in a wide range of consumer products. Despite their massive global production scale, little is known about their potential effects in the context of unintended exposure or ingestion. Using TR146 cells as an in vitro model of the human oral buccal mucosa, the uptake, spatial intracellular distribution, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, inflammatory response, and cytotoxic effects of commercial SiO2 NPs are examined. SiO2 NPs are shown to dock and cross the cellular membrane barrier in a dose–time‐dependent manner. Confocal sectioning reveals translocation of SiO2 NPs into the cell nucleus after 12 h of exposure. A concentration threshold of more than 500 × 10−6 m is observed, above which SiO2 NPs are shown to exert significant oxidative stress with concomitant upregulation of inflammatory genes IL6 and TNFA. Further analysis of the p53 pathway and a series of apoptotic and cell cycle biomarkers reveals intracellular accumulation of SiO2 NPs exert marginal nanotoxicity. Collectively, this study provides important information regarding the uptake, intracellular distribution, and potential adverse cellular effects of SiO2 NPs commonly found in consumer products in the human oral epithelium.

Decoupling the Direct and Indirect Biological Effects of ZnO Nanoparticles Using a Communicative Dual Cell‐Type Tissue Construct

“…Thus, we investigated the induction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) by ZnO NP. Previous study had reported that ZnO NP are able to disturb the intracellular oxidative stress balance and consequently triggered other detrimental events in the cell . Similarly, we observed an elevation of intracellular ROS in the endothelial cells after 3 h of ZnO NP treatment (Figure D) but not at the early timepoint.…”

Biomimicry 3D Gastrointestinal Spheroid Platform for the Assessment of Toxicity and Inflammatory Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

“…These ZnO NM‐induced IL‐1β and IL‐18 overexpressions suggested that downstream activation of nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB) might have occurred, as NF‐κB is the master transcription factor in driving inflammatory responses. Previous studies also confirmed that NMs such as SiO 2 , TiO 2 , and hydroxyapatite were capable of activating NF‐κB signaling events . To complement our analysis at the transcriptional level, immunostaining was employed to examine the spatiotemporal expression of NF‐κB proteins in the 3D SW480 culture.…”

A Multifunctional Nanocrystalline CaF2:Tm,Yb@mSiO2 System for Dual‐Triggered and Optically Monitored Doxorubicin Delivery

“…Previous studies have demonstrated that SiO 2 nanoparticles may be trapped within the endosomes, lysosomes, or even interact with membrane-bound organelles such as the mitochondria and cell nucleus. [26] In our experiment, the cells were exposed to DOX-loaded PAA-modified UCNPs with different concentrations before and after NIR irradiation. As shown in Figure 6d, remarkably low contents of DOX drug (in red color) could be observed in the cells without NIR light irradiation (808 nm), even at a high particle concentration (0.1 µg mL −1 ).…”