Reciprocal substitutions analysis of freezing resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Abstract

To investigate the effects of individual chromosomes on freezing resistance, as well as their interactions with the genetic background, reciprocal sets of chromosome substitution lines between two hard red winter wheat cultivars, ÔCheyenneÕ and ÔWichitaÕ, were used in this study. Duplicate lines for each chromosome were included to check background homogeneity. Two experiments were carried out in complete block designs with two replications for each duplicate. Crown and leaf water content and leaf wet weight were measured in the field experiments. Crown survival, electrolyte leakage and 50% lethality temperature (LT50) were measured in the laboratory. The results showed that ÔCheyenneÕ was more resistant than ÔWichitaÕ. Crown survival was significantly correlated with crown water content, crown wet weight and electrolyte leakage. Chromosomes 6A, 3B and 5D substituted from ÔWichitaÕ into ÔCheyenneÕ (ÔCNN-WIÕ), decreased the crown survival, and increased membrane stability, crown water content and crown wet weight of ÔCheyenneÕ. Thus, these chromosomes from ÔWichitaÕ decreased freezing resistance in ÔCheyenneÕ. Reciprocally, chromosomes 5A, 5D, 3B and 4D from ÔCheyenneÕ into ÔWichitaÕ increased crown survival and decreased crown water content and crown wet weight of ÔWichitaÕ. It was concluded that these chromosomes from ÔCheyenneÕ cause freezing resistance in ÔWichitaÕ and carry freezing-resistance genes.

Plant survival after freezing in wheat ‘Cappelle Desprez’ (‘Bezostaya 1’) intervarietal chromosome substitution lines

“…The results indicate that five ‘Bez’ chromosomes (5A, 2D, 4A, 5D and 6A) participate in the plant defence system against low temperature stress. These confirm the effects of chromosomes 5A and 5D on frost tolerance, reported by other authors (Veisz and Sutka 1989, Sutka and Snape 1989, Galiba et al 1995, Snape et al 1997, Sutka et al 1999, Sutka 2001, Danyluk et al 2003, Tóth et al 2003, Yazdi‐Samadi et al 2006). Because the 5BL‐7BL substitution line was unavailable, it was not possible to test whether the frost‐resistant gene Fr‐B1 known to be located on the 5BL arm was present in ‘Bez’.…”

“…We assume that the stronger survivability among the plants of the ÔBezÕ variety was also caused by genes, expressed under lower temperatures of hardening. The observed effect of the substitution of chromosome 6A agrees with the earlier results of Bo¨rner et al (2001) who reported a low temperature stress tolerance gene located on chromosome 6A tightly linked to the Xfba85-6A and Xpsr10 (Gli-2)-6A loci, though substitution of 6A along with chromosomes 3B and 5D of variety ÔCheyenneÕ by the homologous ones of ÔWichitaÕ decreased freezing resistance (Yazdi-Samadi et al 2006). The plant survival during the winter period is determined by the extent and duration of the expression of frost tolerance genes (Fowler et al , 1999.…”

Cytoplasmic and nuclear genetic components of membrane stability of winter wheat plants exposed to sub‐zero temperatures

“…The conductivity was again measured and damage due to freezing was expressed as the ratio of the conductivity before freezing in liquid nitrogen to conductivity after freezing in liquid nitrogen. Others have shown that these kinds of electrolyte leakage measurements following freezing can be used to predict freezing tolerance of wheat plants (Khanna & Daggard, ; Sun, Hu, Tan, Liu, & Liu, ; Yazdi‐Samadi, Dashti, Nabipour, & Sarrafi, ).…”

“…Others have shown that these kinds of electrolyte leakage measurements following freezing can be used to predict freezing tolerance of wheat plants (Khanna & Daggard, 2006;Sun, Hu, Tan, Liu, & Liu, 2009;Yazdi-Samadi, Dashti, Nabipour, & Sarrafi, 2006).…”