Reclamation of copper from spent ammoniacal Printed Circuit Board (PCB) etch solutions

Shah, Khyati; Gupta, Kamalesh; Sengupta, Bina

doi:10.1016/j.jece.2018.04.044

Cited by 19 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Due to their extensive use, Cu and NH3 are frequently found in the effluents of these processes at elevated levels. In PCB manufacturing, spent etching solutions can have Cu and NH3 contents reaching up to 0.82 and 3.5 M, respectively, which present significant quantities of recoverable resources considering that the global PCB industry generates about 10 12 L of waste etchant annually (Shah et al, 2018). Alternately, NH3 has been recognized as an effective lixiviant in (bio)hydrometallurgical Cu extraction, resulting in Cu and NH3 bearing liquid streams (i.e., leachates) with Cu concentrations exceeding 1.1 M (Xiao et al, 2013;Williamson et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective copper recovery from ammoniacal waste streams using a systematic biosorption process

et al. 2022

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Highlights• A top-down approach optimized Cu biosorption from a real Cu-NH3 leachate • Pinecone (PC) has a high Cu qmax of 1.1 mmol g -1 despite 2 M NH3 and 5 mM Zn present • PC works over wide pH range (5-12) relevant for treating (NH4)2CO3 rich effluents• PC has a selectivity quotient (KCu/Zn) of 3.97 making it selective for Cu over Zn• The presence of Zn can improve the qmax of PC for Cu from NH3-rich streams ABSTRACT Cu-NH3 bearing effluents arise from electroplating and metal extraction industries, requiring innovative and sustainable Cu recovery technologies to reduce their adverse environmental impact. CO3 2and Zn are often co-occurring, and thus, selective Cu recovery from these complex liquid streams is required for economic viability. This study assessed 23 sustainable biosorbents classified as tannin-rich, lignin-rich, chitosan/chitin, dead biomass, macroalgae or biochar for their Cu adsorption capacity and selectivity in a complex NH3-bearing bioleachate.Under a preliminary screen with 12 mM Cu in 1 M ammoniacal solution, most biosorbents showed optimal Cu adsorption at pH 11, with pinecone remarkably showing high removal efficiencies (up to 68%) at all tested pH values. Further refinements on select biosorbents with pH, contact time, and presence of NH3, Zn and CO3 2showed again that pinecone has a high maximum adsorption capacity (1.07 mmol g -1 ), worked over pH 5-12 and was Cu-selective with 3.97 selectivity quotient (KCu/Zn). Importantly, pinecone performance was maintained in a real Cu/NH3/Zn/CO3 2bioleachate, with 69.4% Cu removal efficiency. Unlike synthetic adsorbents, pinecones require no pre-treatment, which together with its abundance, selectivity, and efficiency without the need for prior NH3 removal, makes it a competitive and sustainable Cu biosorbent for complex Cu-NH3 bearing streams. Overall, this study demonstrated the potential of integrating bioleaching and biosorption as a clean Cu recovery technology utilizing only sustainable resources (i.e., bio-lixiviant and biosorbents). This presents a closed-loop approach to Cu extraction and recovery from wastes, thus effectively addressing elemental sustainability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective copper recovery from ammoniacal waste streams using a systematic biosorption process

et al. 2022

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“…Therefore, recovery of metals from these secondary resources has gained considerable interest to compensate the mineral shortage as well as resolving the environmental problems [1]. Recovery of Copper [2][3][4][5][6][7] and zinc [8][9][10] from the secondary resources has been widely researched due to high application of these metals. Brass alloy production wastes such as slag, dusts, chips, and scraps are among the secondary resources containing both Zn and Cu.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel predictive model for estimation of cell voltage in electrochemical recovery of copper from brass: Application of gene expression programming

Ghasemi

Vaghar

Pourzafar

et al. 2020

J min metall B Metall

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Regarding the high corrosion resistance of brass in sulfuric acid, its leaching process is the most important step in hydrometallurgical recovery of brass scraps. In this study, the electrochemical dissolution of brass chips in sulfuric acid has been investigated. The electrochemical cell voltage depends on various parameters. Regarding the complexity of electrochemical dissolution, the system voltage could not be easily predicted based on the operational parameters of the cell. So, it is necessary to use modeling techniques to predict cell voltage. In this study, 139 leaching experiments were conducted under different conditions. Using the experimental results and gene expression programming (GEP), parameters such as acid concentration, current density, temperature and anode-cathode distance were entered as the inputs and the voltage of the electrochemical dissolution was predicted as the output. The results showed that GEP-based model was capable of predicting the voltage of electrochemical dissolution of brass alloy with correlation coefficient of 0.929 and root square mean error (RSME) of 0.052. Based on the sensitivity analysis on the input and output parameters, acid concentration and anode-cathode distance were the most and least effective parameters, respectively. The modeling results confirmed that the proposed model is a powerful tool in designing a mathematical equation between the parameters of electrochemical dissolution and the voltage induced by variation of these parameters.

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“…This can be done by using regeneration systems. The maximum desired effect has been produced by the regeneration process based on the recovery of copper ions by extraction from an aqueous etching solution [8][9][10]. Following the extraction stage, copper ions are re-extracting into the sulfate electrolyte depositing metallic copper onto the electrolyzer cathode [11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrolysis of Copper Form Stripping Solutions for Etching Printed Circuit Boards

Кондратьева¹,

Gubin²,

Brodskiy³

et al. 2019

OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHST

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Reclamation of copper from spent ammoniacal Printed Circuit Board (PCB) etch solutions

Cited by 19 publications

References 29 publications

Selective copper recovery from ammoniacal waste streams using a systematic biosorption process

Selective copper recovery from ammoniacal waste streams using a systematic biosorption process

A novel predictive model for estimation of cell voltage in electrochemical recovery of copper from brass: Application of gene expression programming

Electrolysis of Copper Form Stripping Solutions for Etching Printed Circuit Boards

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