Recognition and management of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> toxin‐mediated disease

Rj, Murray

doi:10.1111/j.1444-0903.2005.00984.x

Cited by 130 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 88 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Symptoms have a rapid onset and comprise nausea and vomiting, with or without diarrhea (43). The illness is usually self-limiting but occasionally can be severe enough to warrant hospitalization (33). The real incidence of SFP is underestimated, mainly due to misdiagnosis and because sporadic episodes and minor outbreaks are not reported.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypes, Exotoxin Gene Content, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Recovered from Foods and Food Handlers

Argudín

Mendoza

González-Hevia

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACTStaphylococcal food poisoning, one of the most common food-borne diseases, results from ingestion of one or more staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) produced byStaphylococcus aureusin foods. In the present study, 64S. aureusisolates recovered from foods and food handlers, associated or not associated with food-poisoning outbreaks in Spain, were investigated. They were assigned to 31 strains byspatyping, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), exotoxin gene content, and antimicrobial resistance. The strains belonged to 10 clonal complexes (CCs): CC5 (29.0%), CC30 (25.8%), CC45 (16.1%), CC8, CC15 (two strains each), CC1, CC22, CC25, CC59, and CC121 (one strain each). They contained hemolysin genes (90.3%);lukED(77.4%); exfoliatin geneseta,etd(6.5% each), andetb(3.2%);tst(25.8%); and the following enterotoxin or enterotoxin-like genes or clusters:sea(38.7%),seb(12.9%),sec(16.1%),sed-seljwith or withoutser(22.9%),selk-selq(6.5%),seh,sell,selp(9.7% each),egc1(32.3%), andegc2(48.4%). The number ofseandselgenes ranged from zero to 12. All isolates carryingtst, and most isolates with genes encoding classical enterotoxins (SEA, SEB, SEC, and SED), expressed the corresponding toxin(s). Two CC5 isolates from hamburgers (spatype t002, sequence type 5 [ST5];spatype t2173, ST5) were methicillin resistant and harbored staphylococcal cassette chromosomemec(SCCmec) IVd. Six (19.4%) were mupirocin resistant, and one (spatype t120, ST15) from a food handler carriedmupA(MIC, 1,250 μg/ml). Resistance to ampicillin (blaZ) (61.3%), erythromycin (ermA-ermCorermC) (25.8%), clindamycin (msrA-msrB or msrB) (16.1%), tetracycline (tetK) (3.2%), and amikacin-gentamicin-kanamycin-tobramycin (aphAwithaacAplusaphDoraadD) (6.5%) was also observed. The presence ofS. aureusstrains with an important repertoire of virulence and resistance determinants in the food chain represents a potential health hazard for consumers and merits further observation.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypes, Exotoxin Gene Content, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Recovered from Foods and Food Handlers

Argudín

Mendoza

González-Hevia

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This process results in a massive cytokine/chemokine storm called systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), which ultimately leads to multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and culminates in high mortality if intervention is not prompt. 6,7 S. aureus and S. pyogenes produce nearly 30 different SAgs. 3,4 While the mechanisms that regulate production of these exotoxins in vivo are not fully understood, several SAgs are produced in vivo after infection, and SAgs conSupported by NIH grant 1R01AI068741.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Leukocyte Antigen Class II Transgenic Mouse Model Unmasks the Significant Extrahepatic Pathology in Toxic Shock Syndrome

Tilahun

Marietta

et al. 2011

The American Journal of Pathology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Among the exotoxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes, the superantigens (SAgs) are the most potent T-cell activators known to date. SAgs are implicated in several serious diseases including toxic shock syndrome (TSS), Kawasaki disease, and sepsis. However, the immunopathogenesis of TSS and other diseases involving SAgs are still not completely understood. The commonly used conventional laboratory mouse strains do not respond robustly to SAgs in vivo. Therefore, they must be artificially rendered susceptible to TSS by using sensitizing agents such as D-galactosamine (D-galN), which skews the disease exclusively to the liver and, hence, is not representative of the disease in humans. SAg-induced TSS was characterized using transgenic mice expressing HLA class II molecules that are extremely susceptible to TSS without D-galN. HLA-DR3 transgenic mice recapitulated TSS in humans with extensive multiple-organ inflammation affecting the lung, liver, kidneys, heart, and small intestines. Heavy infiltration with T lymphocytes (both CD4 ؉ and CD8؉), neutrophils, and macrophages was noted. In particular, the pathologic changes in the small intestines were extensive and accompanied by significantly altered absorptive functions of the enterocytes. In contrast to massive liver failure alone in the D-galN sensitization model of TSS, findings of the present study suggest that gut dysfunction might be a key pathogenic event that leads to high morbidity and mortality in humans with

show abstract

“…SFP is intoxication that consequences from the consumption enterotoxin contaminated food [7]. A symptom is self-limiting and usually resolves within 24-48 h which includes queasiness, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea, but rarely it can be severe particularly when infants, elderly, or debilitated persons are concerned [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid and sensitive method for detection of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin genes in milk sample

2018

J App Biol Biotech

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Staphylococcus aureus is a common microflora present on skin and mucous membrane of cattle. Despite its amiable nature, S. aureus can turn shrewd and get to be distinctly pathogenic. Staphylococcus present in the milk may produce numerous potential destructive variables, like toxins. Consequently, consumption of S. aureus contaminant milk may result in Staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP). Therefore, the present study was carried out to evaluate the presence of Se-encoding genes in S. aureus and also validate the detection of toxin genes directly from the milk sample contaminated with S. aureus using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The RT-PCR results were reported as Ct values, which confirmed the presence of enterotoxin genes in the S. aureus isolates and milk samples. Application of RT-PCR for the detection of Se genes in cultures of S. aureus and also from milk samples revealed the probable onset of SFP. Therefore, the study suggests that the analysis of milk for the presence of any toxin genes should be strictly performed before reaching the consumer.

show abstract

Recognition and management of Staphylococcus aureus toxin‐mediated disease

Cited by 130 publications

References 88 publications

Genotypes, Exotoxin Gene Content, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Recovered from Foods and Food Handlers

Genotypes, Exotoxin Gene Content, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Recovered from Foods and Food Handlers

Human Leukocyte Antigen Class II Transgenic Mouse Model Unmasks the Significant Extrahepatic Pathology in Toxic Shock Syndrome

Rapid and sensitive method for detection of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin genes in milk sample

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About