Recoil properties of spallation products from bombardment of Z = 13–29 targets with 150,300 and 600 MeV protons

Lagarde-Simonoff, M.; Regnier, S.; Sauvageon, H.; Simonoff, G.

doi:10.1016/0375-9474(76)90051-8

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The situation is different in the case of the true spallation reactions of interest here, where F/B >>1. Consequently, although the results do not differ by much, we have, following the suggestion of an anonymous reviewer, redone our calculations using the more generally applicable approach of Lagarde-Simonoff et al (1976). Equations 4 and 4a of these authors give the numbers of forward (F) and backward (B) recoils, respectively, as a function of range R, target thickness W and three additional parameters For our calculations N for the relevant energy range was obtained from the range-energy relations of Ziegler et al (2003).…”

Section: ≡0mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equations 4 and 4a of these authors give the numbers of forward (F) and backward (B) recoils, respectively, as a function of range R, target thickness W and three additional parameters For our calculations N for the relevant energy range was obtained from the range-energy relations of Ziegler et al (2003). Then, as in Lagarde-Simonoff et al (1976), η as well as the resulting ratio of recoil range to target thickness, was determined by varying η in the range 0 to 1 until the predicted ratio Q cal = 2(F + B)/(F − B) matched the observed one. Recoil ranges determined in this way are shorter than those calculated using the Sugarman et al (1956) formalism.…”

Section: ≡0mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In calculating the ranges reported in our preliminary reports (Mohapatra et al 2001;Ott et al 2001), we have used equations given by Sugarman et al (1956): (1) or alternatively: (2) where R = recoil range, W = thickness of the target, F and B = fraction of recoils in the forward and backward direction, respectively, and (3) The classical model for the interaction of high-energy protons with medium to heavy nuclei is a two step model (e.g., Lagarde-Simonoff et al 1976). The first step is that of ejection of prompt nucleons and formation of an intermediate excited residual nucleus.…”

Section: Calculation Of Recoil Rangesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spallation recoil II: Xenon evidence for young SiC grains

Ott

Altmaier

Herpers

et al. 2005

Meteoritics &Amp; Planetary Science

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We have determined the recoil range of spallation xenon produced by irradiation of Ba glass targets with approximatly 1190 and approximatly 268 MeV protons, using a catcher technique, where spallation products are measured in target and catcher foils. The inferred range for (sup 126)Xe produced in silicon carbide is approximatly 0.19 µm, which implies retention of approximatly 70% for (sup 126)Xe produced in "typical" presolar silicon carbide grains of 1 µm size. Recoil loss of spallation xenon poses a significantly smaller problem than loss of the spallation neon from SiC grains. Ranges differ for the various Xe isotopes and scale approximately linearly as function of the mass difference between the target element, Ba, and the product. As a consequence, SiC grains of various sizes will have differences in spallation Xe composition. In an additional experiment at approximatly 66 MeV, where the recoil ranges of (sup 22)Na and (sup 127)Xe produced on Ba glass were determined using gamma-spectrometry, we found no evidence for recoil ranges being systematically different at this lower energy. We have used the new data to put constraints on the possible presolar age of the SiC grains analyzed for Xe by Lewis et al. (1994). Uncertainties in the composition of the approximately normal Xe component in SiC (Xe-N) constitute the most serious problem in determining an age, surpassing remaining uncertainties in Xe retention and production rate. A possible interpretation is that spallation contributions are negligible and that trapped (sup 124)Xe/(sup 126)Xe is approximatly 5% lower in Xe-N than in Q-Xe. But also for other reasonable assumptions for the (sup 124)Xe/(sup 126)Xe ratio in Xe-N (e.g., as in Q-Xe), inferred exposure ages are considerably shorter than theoretically expected lifetimes for interstellar grains. A short presolar age is in line with observations by others (appearance, grain size distribution) that indicate little processing in the interstellar medium (ISM) of surviving (crystalline) SiC. This may be due to amorphization of SiC in the ISM on a much shorter time scale than destruction, with amorphous SiC not surviving processing in the early solar system. A large supply of relatively young grains may be connected to the proposed starburst origin (Clayton 2003) for the parent stars of the mainstream SiC grains

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Section: ≡0mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ≡0mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Calculation Of Recoil Rangesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spallation recoil II: Xenon evidence for young SiC grains

Ott

Altmaier

Herpers

et al. 2005

Meteoritics &Amp; Planetary Science

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“…The kinetic energy T also increases almost linearly with an increase of AA, as explained by a random-walk theory [13]. Proton results on natcu [14][15][16][17][18][19] are available at various proton energies (Ep), as indicated in the inset of From a comparison with the proton results for other targets of 27A1, natv, natAg, natTa and 197Au [3,4], it was found that for typical spallation the v values of proton-reactions at Ep < 3 GeV are higher than those of photon-reactions at E0 > 600 MeV, and decrease steeply with an increase of Ep up to around Ep = 3 GeV, and become constant at higher energies. This distinct difference of the v values in the two types of nuclear reaction at the lower-energy region may be attributed to the lower momentum transferred in the initial electromagnetic resonance interaction in photon-reactions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Systematic recoil study of photospallation reactions on complex nuclei at intermediate energies

Haba¹,

Sakamoto

Matsumura

et al. 2003

Czech J Phys

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A short review is given on our current studies of photospallation reactions on complex nuclei at inter-27 nat mediate energies. Recoils of 137 radionuclides formed in the photospallation reactions on A1, V, natcu, 93Nb, natAg, natTa and 197Au, induced by bremsstrahlung of end-point energies (E0) from 6130 to 1100 MeV, have been investigated using the thick-target thick-catcher method based on the two-step vector model. The recoil velocity v from the first step and the mean kinetic energy Tof the residual nuclei in the second step were deduced and discussed by comparing with the reported results on proton-induced reactions. A comparison with the T values calculated by the Photon-induced Intranuclear Cascade Analysis 3 code combined with the Generalised Evaporation Model code (PICA3/GEM) was also performed.

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“…Irradiations of copper are very frequently reported in the literature [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] and this was the target used by CUMMING et al [7] when they arrived at their conclusions, later supported by the work of LUND et al [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Spallation of Cu Induced by 258, 350 and 910 MeV ³He-Ions

et al. 1984

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The interaction between 258, 350, and 910 MeV 'He ions and natural copper has been studied by measuring radiochemical cross sections and thick target/thick catcher recoil properties of a number of produced radionuclides. Absolute cross sections are obtained at 350 and 910 MeV, only relative cross sections at 258 MeV. Integration of the obtained mass yield curves gives 1467 mb for the total spallation cross section both for 350 and 910 MeV 3 He ions.The recoil data has been analyzed with the two-step vector model to deduce momentum transfers and product kinetic energies.The cross sections and the deduced energies and velocities are compared with Monte Carlo cascade-evaporation calculations. This comparison gives agreement varying from fair for cross sections to excellent for momentum transfers and excitation energies.We suggest that the deduced kinetic energies for spallation products to a very large extent are due to the distributions of the perpendicular and parallel velocities imparted to the target in the cascade step. Taking these distributions into account, the Monte Carlo calculations reproduce perfectly the energies deduced from the experimental data.A collection of deduced cascade residual velocities and excitation energies for reactions between copper and 150-800 MeV protons, 1-4.8 GeV "Cand 258-910 MeV 3 He indicates that the main primary interaction is identical for all these particles.

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Recoil properties of spallation products from bombardment of Z = 13–29 targets with 150,300 and 600 MeV protons

Cited by 20 publications

References 21 publications

Spallation recoil II: Xenon evidence for young SiC grains

Spallation recoil II: Xenon evidence for young SiC grains

Systematic recoil study of photospallation reactions on complex nuclei at intermediate energies

Spallation of Cu Induced by 258, 350 and 910 MeV ³He-Ions

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Recoil properties of spallation products from bombardment of Z = 13–29 targets with 150,300 and 600 MeV protons

Cited by 20 publications

References 21 publications

Spallation recoil II: Xenon evidence for young SiC grains

Spallation recoil II: Xenon evidence for young SiC grains

Systematic recoil study of photospallation reactions on complex nuclei at intermediate energies

Spallation of Cu Induced by 258, 350 and 910 MeV 3He-Ions

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Spallation of Cu Induced by 258, 350 and 910 MeV ³He-Ions