Spallation of Cu Induced by 258, 350 and 910 MeV ³He-Ions

Abstract

The interaction between 258, 350, and 910 MeV 'He ions and natural copper has been studied by measuring radiochemical cross sections and thick target/thick catcher recoil properties of a number of produced radionuclides. Absolute cross sections are obtained at 350 and 910 MeV, only relative cross sections at 258 MeV. Integration of the obtained mass yield curves gives 1467 mb for the total spallation cross section both for 350 and 910 MeV 3 He ions.The recoil data has been analyzed with the two-step vector model to deduce momentum transfers and product kinetic energies.The cross sections and the deduced energies and velocities are compared with Monte Carlo cascade-evaporation calculations. This comparison gives agreement varying from fair for cross sections to excellent for momentum transfers and excitation energies.We suggest that the deduced kinetic energies for spallation products to a very large extent are due to the distributions of the perpendicular and parallel velocities imparted to the target in the cascade step. Taking these distributions into account, the Monte Carlo calculations reproduce perfectly the energies deduced from the experimental data.A collection of deduced cascade residual velocities and excitation energies for reactions between copper and 150-800 MeV protons, 1-4.8 GeV "Cand 258-910 MeV 3 He indicates that the main primary interaction is identical for all these particles.

Spallation of V induced by 1 GeV12C-ions and by 258, 350 and 910 MeV3He-ions

“…These Monte-Carlo calculations show, however, clearly that the deduced values of T, based on the Vo approximations of Winsberg, could be highly overestimated. This might be a consequence of the assumptions that vl=0 and vii--constant inherent in the vector model, probably are too simple to enable us to deduce the true kinetic energy for most spallation reactions, as we discussed in [21].…”

“…The overestimation is highest for products close to target, as (T) approaches (T)t, going to the lightest products. The applicability of the method used in determining the second step kinetic energies, T, for spallation products is discussed in [21].…”

Yields and recoil properties of products from the reaction between natural copper and 86 MeV/A12C ions

“…These were performed with the code HIC-III developed by Bertini et al [29]. The essential assumption is that the reaction between the two nuclei is described as an interaction of two Fermi gases passing through each other.…”