Recollection center location for end-of-life electric vehicle batteries using fleet size forecast: Scenario analysis for Germany

Yükseltürk, Ahmet; Wewer, Aleksandra; Bilge, Pınar; Dietrich, Franz

doi:10.1016/j.procir.2021.01.084

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Zolfani et al [21] introduced a BWM-MAIRCA model to select suitable locations for people. Yükseltürk et al [22] developed a mathematical model for locating many lithium battery recollection centers, and they conducted a scenario analysis for Germany from 2020 to 2050. Simic et al [23] proposed picture fuzzy sets based on CODAS to investigate the multicriteria vehicle shredding facility location problem in the Republic of Serbia.…”

Section: Site Selection Work With Mcdm Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Suitability-Feasibility-Acceptability Strategy Integrated with Bayesian BWM-MARCOS Methods to Determine the Optimal Lithium Battery Plant Located in South America

et al. 2022

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This study aims to help managers develop a proper strategy and policy for their company’s future. After the global COVID-19 pandemic, developed countries decided to change their production and relocate and re-industrialize. The U.S.’s big electronics and automobile companies are not an exception to this rule. The lithium batteries are the main instrument of mobile phone and electric vehicles. The leading lithium battery supplier for the U.S mobile phone companies is China. Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile (in South America) have some of the largest lithium mines in the world; these countries are known as the lithium triangle. Among the 86 million tonnes of lithium resources worldwide, 49.9 million tonnes exist in this area. The researchers in this study surveyed the best country for constructing a battery for companies in the U.S. Because of the growth of electric vehicles and their use of the lithium battery, the world is facing astronomical prices for lithium. To emphasize this issue and help managers create good policy, this study combined multiple methods. The improved suitability-feasibility-acceptability (SFA) strategy is integrated with the Bayesian best-worst method (BBWM) and measurement of alternatives and rankings according to compromise solution (MARCOS) multicriteria methods to determine the best destination. For comparison, based on the SFA strategy, seven criteria are introduced: commercially viable reserves, national minimum wage, corporate income tax, accessibility to mining companies, accessibility to the waterway, population, and political stability index. The Bayesian BWM analysis reveals that the foremost factor is corporate income tax, whereas MARCOS’s findings indicate that Chile is the best country to construct the lithium battery industry. To verify the proposed approach, a comparison analysis also is performed.

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Section: Site Selection Work With Mcdm Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Suitability-Feasibility-Acceptability Strategy Integrated with Bayesian BWM-MARCOS Methods to Determine the Optimal Lithium Battery Plant Located in South America

et al. 2022

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“…Repurposing is the use of a product for a different purpose than the original [19]. Repurposed batteries can be used in areas such as energy balancing for renewable energy sources, such as solar or wind, peak-time energy shifting in smaller applications, such as homes or office buildings, and some low-speed vehicles [20].…”

Section: Repurposing Of Eol Vehicle Batterymentioning

confidence: 99%

LRP-Based Design of Sustainable Recycling Network for Electric Vehicle Batteries

Yan

Zhang

et al. 2022

Processes

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Driven by energy shortages and climate concerns, the electric vehicles are popular around the world with their energy-saving and environmentally friendly advantages. As electric vehicle batteries (EVBs) mainly use lithium batteries, and the batteries’ performance decreases with the increase of charging times, a large number of batteries are entering the end-of-life (EoL) stage. Recycling and reuse of EVBs are effective ways to reduce environmental pollution and promote resources utilization and is now a top priority. Building a recycling network is the foundation of battery recycling. However, there are few studies on battery recycling networks and the construction of recycling networks is expensive, which impedes the sustainable development of electric vehicles. Based on this, recycling network design is critical for EVB recycling. This paper first analyzes three strategies to deal with used batteries: remanufacturing, reuse, and recycling materials. Secondly, an EVB recycling network model is developed with the objective of minimizing the total cost and carbon emissions. The model solves the problem of siting the centers in the network and the vehicle routing in the recycling process. Finally, the model was applied to GEM (a Chinese company dedicated to circular economy) and validated using a greedy algorithm. In addition, the results show that logistics costs and operating costs account for the majority of the recycling network total expense, at 48.45% and 31%, respectively. Therefore, if companies want to further reduce the cost of EVB recycling, they should reduce logistics costs and operating costs. In summary, this paper provides a decision-making approach for EVB recycling enterprises to carry out recycling and reuse, and offers advice on how to promote the sustainable economic and environmental development of the electric vehicle battery industry.

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“…We assume that in contrast to the production, remanufacturing as well as reuse and repurposing will be done locally, for example within the boundaries of a country. A study on the subject [41] shows that the recollection of used batteries within only one day is possible for Germany with a single recollection point. The exact values for the transportation are not calculated.…”

Section: Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances of 2nd Life Applications for Lithium Ion Batteries from Electric Vehicles Based on Energy Demand

Wewer¹,

Bilge²,

Dietrich³

2021

Sustainability

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Electromobility is a new approach to the reduction of CO2 emissions and the deceleration of global warming. Its environmental impacts are often compared to traditional mobility solutions based on gasoline or diesel engines. The comparison pertains mostly to the single life cycle of a battery. The impact of multiple life cycles remains an important, and yet unanswered, question. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate advances of 2nd life applications for lithium ion batteries from electric vehicles based on their energy demand. Therefore, it highlights the limitations of a conventional life cycle analysis (LCA) and presents a supplementary method of analysis by providing the design and results of a meta study on the environmental impact of lithium ion batteries. The study focuses on energy demand, and investigates its total impact for different cases considering 2nd life applications such as (C1) material recycling, (C2) repurposing and (C3) reuse. Required reprocessing methods such as remanufacturing of batteries lie at the basis of these 2nd life applications. Batteries are used in their 2nd lives for stationary energy storage (C2, repurpose) and electric vehicles (C3, reuse). The study results confirm that both of these 2nd life applications require less energy than the recycling of batteries at the end of their first life and the production of new batteries. The paper concludes by identifying future research areas in order to generate precise forecasts for 2nd life applications and their industrial dissemination.

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Recollection center location for end-of-life electric vehicle batteries using fleet size forecast: Scenario analysis for Germany

Cited by 12 publications

References 9 publications

The Suitability-Feasibility-Acceptability Strategy Integrated with Bayesian BWM-MARCOS Methods to Determine the Optimal Lithium Battery Plant Located in South America

The Suitability-Feasibility-Acceptability Strategy Integrated with Bayesian BWM-MARCOS Methods to Determine the Optimal Lithium Battery Plant Located in South America

LRP-Based Design of Sustainable Recycling Network for Electric Vehicle Batteries

Advances of 2nd Life Applications for Lithium Ion Batteries from Electric Vehicles Based on Energy Demand

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