Recombinant cysteine proteinase as anti-tick targeting Hyalomma asiaticum infestation

Song, Ruiqi; Hu, Ercha; Fan, Xinli; Zhang, Yang; Zhai, Xuejie; Ge, Ting; Li, Min; Zhang, Wei; Wu, Lijiang; Cheung, Allen Ka Loon; Chahan, Bayin

doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108234

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…14 Tick blood meal is stored and digested in the midgut, and there is a role for tickderived functional protein molecules in the midgut content, such as defensin, cysteine protease, and serine protease inhibitor. [15][16][17] In the study, we successfully expressed type 2 cystatin proteins from H. doenitzi. In ticks, as the expression of cystatin is significantly higher in the salivary glands, Malpighian tubules, and midgut than in other tissues, cystatin may be involved in tick growth and development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, tick saliva contains a complex mixture of peptides and non‐peptides that may act as a tool to disarm host immunity and assist in the positive effects of blood‐feeding 14 . Tick blood meal is stored and digested in the midgut, and there is a role for tick‐derived functional protein molecules in the midgut content, such as defensin, cysteine protease, and serine protease inhibitor 15–17 . In the study, we successfully expressed type 2 cystatin proteins from H. doenitzi .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The evaluation of cystatin protein vaccines based on the stress response of ticks triggered by low‐temperature and toxin stress in Haemaphysalis doenitzi

Zhang,

Gao,

Wang

et al. 2024

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUNDTicks, which are obligate blood‐feeding parasites, transmit a wide range of pathogens during their hematophagic process. Certain enzymes and macromolecules play a crucial role in inhibiting several tick physiological processes, including digestion and reproduction. In the present study, genes encoding type 2 cystatin were cloned from the tick Haemaphysalis doenitzi and characterized, and the potential role of cystatin in tick control was assessed.RESULTSTwo cystatin genes, HDcyst‐1 and HDcyst‐2, whose open reading frames are 390 and 426 bp, respectively, were successfully cloned from H. doenitzi. Among the midgut, salivary glands, Malpighian tubules, and ovaries of ticks, the relative expression of HDcyst‐1 and HDcyst‐2 was highest in the midgut and salivary glands, respectively. Lipopolysaccharide injection and low‐temperature stress elevated cystatin expression in ticks. Both recombinant cystatin protein rHDcyst‐1 and rHDcyst‐2 vaccines increased antibody levels and significantly reduced tick engorgement and egg mass weights in immunized rabbits infested with H. doenitzi. Particularly, rHDcyst‐1 significantly prolonged tick engorgement time by 1 day and reduced egg‐hatching rates by 16.9%. Collectively, rHDcyst‐1 and rHDcyst‐2 protein vaccinations provided 64.1 and 51.8% protection to adult female ticks, respectively.CONCLUSIONThis is the first report on the immunological characterization of cystatin proteins and gene sequencing in H. doenitzi. Cystatin proteins are promising antigens that have the potential for use as vaccines for H. doenitzi infestation control.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evaluation of cystatin protein vaccines based on the stress response of ticks triggered by low‐temperature and toxin stress in Haemaphysalis doenitzi

Zhang,

Gao,

Wang

et al. 2024

Pest Management Science

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“…For example, a peritrophin from the Anopheles gambiae mosquito takes heme groups derived from blood degradation, preventing the formation of free radicals and protecting the mosquito gut from free heme toxicity [ 26 , 27 ]. The significant functional role of both proteins has stimulated the evaluation of their antigenic potential to control pests using cathepsins [ 11 , 28 , 29 , 30 ] and peritrophins [ 10 , 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Sea Lice Vaccines against Early Stages of Infestation in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

et al. 2022

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The sea louse Caligus rogercresseyi genome has opened the opportunity to apply the reverse vaccinology strategy for identifying antigens with potential effects on lice development and its application in sea lice control. This study aimed to explore the efficacy of three sea lice vaccines against the early stage of infestation, assessing the transcriptome modulation of immunized Atlantic salmon. Therein, three experimental groups of Salmo salar (Atlantic salmon) were vaccinated with the recombinant proteins: Peritrophin (prototype A), Cathepsin (prototype B), and the mix of them (prototype C), respectively. Sea lice infestation was evaluated during chalimus I-II, the early-infective stages attached at 7-days post infestation. In parallel, head kidney and skin tissue samples were taken for mRNA Illumina sequencing. Relative expression analyses of genes were conducted to identify immune responses, iron transport, and stress responses associated with the tested vaccines during the early stages of sea lice infection. The vaccine prototypes A, B, and C reduced the parasite burden by 24, 44, and 52% compared with the control group. In addition, the RNA-Seq analysis exhibited a prototype-dependent transcriptome modulation. The high expression differences were observed in genes associated with metal ion binding, molecular processes, and energy production. The findings suggest a balance between the host’s inflammatory response and metabolic process in vaccinated fish, increasing their transcriptional activity, which can alter the early host–parasite interactions. This study uncovers molecular responses produced by three vaccine prototypes at the early stages of infestation, providing new knowledge for sea lice control in the salmon aquaculture.

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The diurnal salivary glands transcriptome of Dermacentor nuttalli from the first four days of blood feeding

Lao

Liu

et al. 2023

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

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Recombinant cysteine proteinase as anti-tick targeting Hyalomma asiaticum infestation

Cited by 7 publications

References 28 publications

The evaluation of cystatin protein vaccines based on the stress response of ticks triggered by low‐temperature and toxin stress in Haemaphysalis doenitzi

The evaluation of cystatin protein vaccines based on the stress response of ticks triggered by low‐temperature and toxin stress in Haemaphysalis doenitzi

Exploring Sea Lice Vaccines against Early Stages of Infestation in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

The diurnal salivary glands transcriptome of Dermacentor nuttalli from the first four days of blood feeding

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