Recombination in Vaccine and Circulating Strains of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Viruses

Li, Bin; Fang, Liurong; Xu, Zuofei; Liu, Suyan; Gao, Jianfeng; Jiang, Yunbo; Chen, Huanchun; Xiao, Shaobo

doi:10.3201/eid1512.090390

Cited by 116 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Thus, its role in PRRS may be important due to the appearance of recombinants associated with outbreaks (Shi et al, 2013a) or identified circulating in significant numbers over wide geographical areas originating from common ancestors (Shi et al, 2013b) when in the past only sporadic instances were detected (Li et al, 2009a, b;Yoshii et al, 2008).…”

Section: Recombinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary diversification of type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Brar

Shī

Murtaugh

et al. 2015

Journal of General Virology

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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the leading swine pathogens causing tremendous economic loss to the global swine industry due to its virulence, pathogenesis, infectivity and transmissibility. Although formally recognized only two and half decades ago, molecular dating estimation indicates a more ancient evolutionary history, which involved divergence into two genotypes (type 1 and type 2) prior to the 'initial' outbreaks of the late 1980s. Type 2 PRRSV circulates primarily in North America and Asia. The relatively greater availability of sequence data for this genotype from widespread geographical territories has enabled a better understanding of the evolving genotype. However, there are a number of challenges in terms of the vastness of data available and what this indicates in the context of viral diversity. Accordingly, here we revisit the mechanisms by which PRRSV generates variability, describe a means of organizing type 2 diversity captured in voluminous ORF5 sequences in a phylogenetic framework and provide a holistic view of known global type 2 diversity in the same setting. The consequences of the expanding diversity for control measures such as vaccination are discussed, as well as the contribution of modified live vaccines to the circulation of field isolates. We end by highlighting some limitations of current molecular epidemiology studies in relation to inferring PRRSV diversity, and what steps can be taken to overcome these and additionally enable PRRSV sequence data to be informative about viral phenotypic traits such as virulence.

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Section: Recombinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary diversification of type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Brar

Shī

Murtaugh

et al. 2015

Journal of General Virology

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“…In the The brains were analyzed for virus by RT-PCR as previously described. 8 Four sick pigs were positive for PRRSV by RT-PCR and were negative in the healthy inoculated pig and control group (data not shown; Fig. 2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This disease affected over 2,000,000 pigs and caused 400,000 fatal cases in more than 10 provinces. [6][7][8]13 The pigs infected by HP-PRRSV had the following atypical PRRS symptoms: neurological symptoms (e.g., shivering, lameness, and opisthotonus), high fever (40-42°C), and an erythematous blanching rash.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of nonsuppurative encephalitis caused by highly pathogenic Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Cao

Li²,

Fang³

et al. 2012

J VET Diagn Invest

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Abstract. Since 2006, an unprecedented epidemic of highly pathogenic Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) infection has emerged and prevailed in mainland China, causing so called high fever disease with a nervous symptom that is different from typical porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome. To investigate this syndrome, the brains of pigs inoculated with HP-PRRSV were analyzed. The nucleic acid of HP-PRRSV was detected in brains by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Histological examination demonstrated nonsuppurative encephalitis with lymphohistiocytic perivascular cuffing and infiltration of these leukocytes into the neuropil. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy revealed that the HP-PRRSV that infected the endothelial cells crossed the blood-brain barrier into the central nervous system then induced cellular damage to neurons and neuroglial cells. These results provide a general insight into the pathway of HP-PRRSV invasion into brain tissue and the pathogenesis of nonsuppurative encephalitis.

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“…The phylogenetic tree demonstrated that 3 recent isolates from Thailand (UD1210US/61-F03, UD1210US/61-G03, and UD1210US/61-E03) were more genetically related to CH-1R (an attenuated vaccine strain used in PRC) than HP-PRRSV (Figure 2). CH-1R is a classical PRRSV from PRC that does not possess the 2 discontinuous 30-aa deletions in Nsp2 (15). Furthermore, CH-1R is an attenuated PRRSV vaccine strain in PRC, and there is evidence that it has been illegally smuggled into Thailand.…”

Section: The Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus, Thailand, 2010–2011

Nilubol¹,

Tripipat²,

Hoonsuwan³

et al. 2012

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Recombination in Vaccine and Circulating Strains of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Viruses

Cited by 116 publications

References 12 publications

Evolutionary diversification of type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Evolutionary diversification of type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Pathogenesis of nonsuppurative encephalitis caused by highly pathogenic Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus, Thailand, 2010–2011

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