Recommendations for health-enhancing physical activities in type 2 diabetes patients

Abstract

[Purpose] Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a disease of civilization with epidemiological coverage. An integral component of a comprehensive process of type 2 diabetes mellitus prevention and treatment is reasonably proportioned exercise. The aim of the study was to evaluate the weekly physical activity of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy subjects with respect to recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine and American Diabetes Association. [Subjects] The study involved 31 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (treatment duration 9 ± 0.8) and 31 healthy people. [Methods] Physical activity levels were determined by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. A χ2 test was applied to determine the percentage of people who met recommendations. [Results] Analysis of the obtained results demonstrated that the intensity of physical activity in patients with diabetes was moderate or low. The men in the control group met the recommendations for standard health-related activities significantly more often than the patients with diabetes. In women, there was no such relationship, since most of the women were insufficiently physically active. [Conclusion] The conclusion to be drawn is that there is an urgent need to develop and implement effective programs to enhance physical activity among people at risk of diseases of civilization, including type 2 diabetes.

Physical activity of men from Wroclaw compared with their discretionary income

“…Among the surveyed men from Wrocław, the predominance of low intensity effort in weekly physical activity, as reported by previous studies, was evident3, 4, 6 ) . This can be dangerous as the positive effect of physical effort on human well-being is related to sufficiently high volume, frequency and intensity of exercise3, 4 ) .…”

“…This can be dangerous as the positive effect of physical effort on human well-being is related to sufficiently high volume, frequency and intensity of exercise3, 4 ) . World Health Organisation recommends performing physical effort of moderate intensity for 150 minutes, or of high intensity for 75 minutes a week in order to maintain or improve health.…”

“…Deficiency of physical activity increases the risks of obesity, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, myocardial ischemia, degenerative changes on joints and certain cancers2, 3 ) .…”

Physical activity among working age residents of Wroclaw in the light of their educational attainment

“…Physical activity has important to therapeutic effects, mainly preventive, and its absence increases the risk of lifestyle diseases, such as obesity, osteoporosis, diabetes type 2, ischemic heart disease, and certain types of cancers 1 , 2 ) . Empirical studies indicate that approximately 30% of the adult population in Europe performs too little low-intensity physical activity 3 ) .…”

Double product break point estimates ventilatory threshold in individuals with type 2 diabetes

“…The anaerobic threshold (AT) is a hallmark of the aerobic fitness of athletes 1 ) , physically active individuals 3 ) and on a minor scale for special populations, such as individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) 2 , 4 , 5 ) . AT has been considered the gold standard along with maximum oxygen consumption (VO 2 max) for the evaluation of aerobic fitness and the subsequent prescription of aerobic exercise 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ) . Moreover, monitoring of aerobic training adaptations through AT determination may be especially interesting because no maximal effort is needed, and could be safer for individuals with pathologies such as hypertension and diabetes 10 , 11 ) .…”