Reconfigurable Surface Wave Fluid Antenna for Spatial MIMO Applications

Shen, Yuanjun; Tong, Kin‐Fai; Wong, Kai-Kit

doi:10.1109/apwc52648.2021.9539785

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…opments also see surface wave communications being applied to increase the possible number of ports, i.e., resolution, of a fluid antenna [31], [32]. Most recently, [33] even discusses the prospect of having a fluid antenna array at mobile devices.…”

Section: A Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunistic Fluid Antenna Multiple Access

Wong

Tong

Chen

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.

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Multiple access can be realized by utilizing the spatial moments of deep fades, using fluid antennas. The interference immunity for fluid antenna multiple access (FAMA), nevertheless, comes with the requirement of a large number of ports at each user. To alleviate this, we study the synergy between opportunistic scheduling and FAMA. A large pool of users permits selection of favourable users for FAMA and decreases the outage probability at each selected user. Our objective is to characterize the benefits of opportunistic scheduling in FAMA. In particular, we derive the multiplexing gain of the opportunistic FAMA network in closed form and upper bound the required number of users in the pool to achieve a given multiplexing gain. Also, we find a lower bound on the required outage probability at each user for achieving a given network multiplexing gain, from which the advantage of opportunistic scheduling is illustrated. In addition, we investigate the rate of increase of the multiplexing gain with respect to the number of users in the pool, and derive a tight approximation to the multiplexing gain, expressed in closed form. As a key result of our analysis, we obtain an operating condition on the product of the number of users in the pool and the number of ports at each fluid antenna that ensures a high multiplexing gain. Numerical results demonstrate clear benefits of opportunistic scheduling in FAMA networks, and corroborate our analytical results.

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Section: A Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunistic Fluid Antenna Multiple Access

Wong

Tong

Chen

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.

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“…A very high-resolution position-flexible fluid antenna can be achieved using surface wave technologies (Shen et al, 2020;Shen et al, 2021). The technology uses a surface wave to propagate along a dielectric medium that when hitting the fluid radiating element will be diffracted to form the radiation pattern at a given location.…”

Section: Surface Wave-based Position-flexible Fluid Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the downlink, it is also possible that each user signal is transmitted from a distributed BS antenna, as considered in Figure 2. On the other hand, the latter relies on technologies such as the surface-wave-based fluid antennas discussed in Section 2.1.2 (Shen et al, 2020;Shen et al, 2021) to browse seemingly freely within the given space to find the right port.…”

Section: Multiple Access and Multiplexing Gainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bruce Lee-Inspired Fluid Antenna System: Six Research Topics and the Potentials for 6G

et al. 2022

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While 5G is tasked to transform our lives for the better over the next 10 years, next-generation mobile communications, a.k.a. 6G, will undoubtedly demand even higher energy and spectral efficiencies capable of providing myriads of new services and experience to users everywhere they go. Although our technologies do evolve from one generation to the next, the root of the ambition in mobile communications has always been to ensure reliable performance from an uncertain, fluctuating medium. The previous generations have already seen numerous technologies such as advanced coding and signal processing, resource allocation, and most famously, multiple-input multiple-output to redeem some stability from the wireless medium. Inevitably, 6G will be built upon further disruptive technologies that enable another cycle of revolution. In this article, we examine one emerging technology, referred to as fluid antenna system that represents any software-controllable fluidic, conductive, or dielectric structure that can alter its shape and position to reconfigure the gain, radiation pattern, operating frequency, and other characteristics. Fluid antenna takes inspiration from Bruce Lee's Jeet Kune Do to innovate mobile communication systems design. In Bruce Lee's philosophy, one can imitate water to adapt combat style, whereas fluid antenna exploits the dynamic nature of fluids or switchable pixels to achieve ultimate flexibility for diversity and multiplexing benefits that have been unseen before in mobile devices, and the implication can be transformative. This article discusses the potential of fluid antenna systems for 6G, and in particular, we introduce six research topics in fluid antenna systems that if solved successfully could revolutionize mobile communications network design and optimization. This article intends to stimulate discussion that will help shape the development of 6G technologies.

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“…This container includes fluid channel as well. And inside the fluid channel is the liquid metal radiator (Galinstan: electric conductivity = 3.46×10 6 S/m, thermal conductivity = 16.5 W/K/m, material density = 6440 kg/m 3 , thermal diffusivity = 8.65578×10 -6 m 2 /s) [11]. The K-connector part is included in the model for studying the potential impact of the connector on the antenna performance, particularly, the radiation patterns.…”

Section: Antenna Geometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation Pattern Diversified Single-Fluid-Channel Surface-Wave Antenna for Mobile Communications

Shen

Tong

Wong

2022

2022 IEEE-APS Topical Conference on Antennas and Propagation in Wireless Communications (APWC)

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In this paper, an antenna design that combines surface wave and fluidic reconfigurable techniques was presented. The antenna operates in a wide frequency range from 23 to 38 GHz, which covers the Very High 5G Frequency band in the US, Europe, China, Japan, and Korea. In this design, only one RF input port is needed to achieve diversity when compared with the conventional multiple RF input ports approaches. From the simulation results, the proposed antenna design could change its radiation pattern based on the position of the fluid radiator. Such radiation pattern diversity feature can deal with channel interference issues.

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Reconfigurable Surface Wave Fluid Antenna for Spatial MIMO Applications

Cited by 11 publications

References 25 publications

Opportunistic Fluid Antenna Multiple Access

Opportunistic Fluid Antenna Multiple Access

Bruce Lee-Inspired Fluid Antenna System: Six Research Topics and the Potentials for 6G

Radiation Pattern Diversified Single-Fluid-Channel Surface-Wave Antenna for Mobile Communications

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