Reconnaissance of geotechnical aspects of the 2016 Central Italy earthquakes

Lanzo, Giuseppe; Tommasi, Paolo; Ausilio, Ernesto; Aversa, Stefano; Bozzoni, Francesca; Cairo, Roberto; d’Onofrio, Anna; Durante, Maria Giovanna; Foti, Sebastiano; Giallini, Silvia; Mucciacciaro, Michele; Pagliaroli, Alessandro; Sica, S.; Silvestri, Francesco; Vessia, Giovanna; Zimmaro, Paolo

doi:10.1007/s10518-018-0350-8

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In addition, the distortions in Gutenberg-Richter law, defined for different regions worldwide and the uncertainties related to the GMPEs can generate underestimations of the seismic shaking parameters (i.e. PGA) at specific sites where local seismic effects are relevant (Paolucci 2002;Vessia and Venisti 2011;Vessia and Russo 2013;Yagoub 2015;Miyajima et al 2019;Lanzo et al 2019;among others). Logic trees are commonly used to take into account different formulations of GMPEs and several Gutenberg-Richter rates of magnitude occurrence (Kramer 1996).…”

Section: Background On Seismic Hazard Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lessons from April 6, 2009 L’Aquila earthquake to enhance microzoning studies in near-field urban areas

Vessia

Rainone

Santis

et al. 2020

Geoenviron Disasters

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This study focuses on two weak points of the present procedure to carry out microzoning study in near-field areas: (1) the Ground Motion Prediction Equations (GMPEs), commonly used in the reference seismic hazard (RSH) assessment; (2) the ambient noise measurements to define the natural frequency of the near surface soils and the bedrock depth. The limitations of these approaches will be discussed throughout the paper based on the worldwide and Italian experiences performed after the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake and then confirmed by the most recent 2012 Emilia Romagna earthquake and the 2016-17 Central Italy seismic sequence. The critical issues faced are (A) the high variability of peak ground acceleration (PGA) values within the first 20-30 km far from the source which are not robustly interpolated by the GMPEs, (B) at the level 1 microzoning activity, the soil seismic response under strong motion shaking is characterized by microtremors' horizontal to vertical spectral ratios (HVSR) according to Nakamura's method. This latter technique is commonly applied not being fully compliant with the rules fixed by European scientists in 2004, after a 3-year project named Site EffectS assessment using AMbient Excitations (SESAME). Hereinafter, some "best practices" from recent Italian and International experiences of seismic hazard estimation and microzonation studies are reported in order to put forward two proposals: (a) to formulate site-specific GMPEs in near-field areas in terms of PGA and (b) to record microtremor measurements following accurately the SESAME advice in order to get robust and repeatable HVSR values and to limit their use to those geological contests that are actually horizontally layered.

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Section: Background On Seismic Hazard Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lessons from April 6, 2009 L’Aquila earthquake to enhance microzoning studies in near-field urban areas

Vessia

Rainone

Santis

et al. 2020

Geoenviron Disasters

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“…Such landslides are widespread, so usually, the reconnaissance is carried out by flying helicopters in pre-defined priority tracks to identify the landslide hotspots, valley blocking slides, and damaged infrastructure locations. E.g., In the 2016 central Italy earthquake sequence by Stewart et al (2018) and Lanzo et al (2018); in the 2015 Gorkha earthquake sequence by Collins and Jibson (2015); and in the 2016 Kaikoura earthquake by Jibson et al (2018). To efficiently plan the reconnaissance operation, as well as pre-planning of the earthquake-triggered landslide (ETL) hazards, a model to predict widespread landslide locations is pivotal for disaster management.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Terrain Assessment for Earthquake-Triggered Landslide Susceptibility With High-Resolution DEM and Critical Acceleration

et al. 2021

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Earthquake ground motion often triggers landslides in mountainous areas. A simple, robust method to quickly evaluate the terrain’s susceptibility of specific locations to earthquake-triggered landslides is important for planning field reconnaissance and rescues after earthquakes. Different approaches have been used to estimate coseismic landslide susceptibility using Newmark’s sliding block model. This model requires an estimate of the landslide depth or thickness, which is a difficult parameter to estimate. We illustrate the use of Newmark sliding block’s critical acceleration for a glaciated valley affected by the 2015 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal. The landslide data came from comparing high-resolution pre- and post-earthquake digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from Spot 6/7 images. The areas where changes were detected provided an inventory of all the landslides triggered by the earthquake. The landslide susceptibility was modeled in a GIS environment using as inputs the pre-earthquake terrain and slope angles, the peak ground acceleration from the 2015 Gorkha earthquake, and a geological map. We exploit the depth information for the landslides (obtained by DEM difference) to apply the critical acceleration model. The spatial distribution of the predicted earthquake-triggered landslides matched the actual landslides when the assumed landslide thickness in the model is close to the median value of the actual landslide thickness (2.6 m in this case). The landslide predictions generated a map of landslide locations close to those observed and demonstrated the applicability of critical acceleration for rapidly creating a map of earthquake-triggered landslides.

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“…We elected as case study for the aforementioned investigations the 1 km 2 square area centered in the historical center of Arquata del Tronto, a village in the Central Apennines located on an elongated WNW-ESE ridge at an elevation of about 100 meters above the underlying valley. The village suffered extensive damage and collapses in the 2016 August 24 th Mw 6.0 Amatrice earthquake and the non-uniform damage distribution indicated possible topography-related site effects (Galli et al 2016;Lanzo et al 2019). An evaluation of site effects in Arquata del Tronto and Borgo from seismological data has been performed by Laurenzano et al (2019), who exploited earthquake recordings acquired on temporary seismic stations deployed after the first mainshock of the 2016 seismic sequence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Topographic Site Effects using 3D Waveform Modelling: Amplification, Polarization and Torsional Motions in the Case Study of Arquata del Tronto (Italy)

Baron

Primofiore

Klin

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The combined effect of topography and near-surface heterogeneities on the seismic response is hardly predictable and may lead to an aggravation of the ground motion. We apply physics-based numerical simulations of 3D seismic wave propagation to highlight these effects in the case study of Arquata del Tronto, a hamlet in the Apennines that suffered irregularly distributed damage during the 2016 seismic sequence in Central Italy. We analyze the linear visco-elastic seismic response for vertically incident plane waves in terms of spectral amplification, polarization and induced torsional motion within the frequency band 1–8 Hz over a 1 km2 square area, with spatial resolution 25 m. To discern the effects of topography from those of the sub-surface structure we iterate the numerical simulations for three different versions of the structural model: one homogeneous, one with a surficial weathering layer and a soil basin and one with a complex internal structure. The numerical results confirm the correlation between topographic curvature and amplification and support a correlation between the induced torsional motion and the topographic slope. On the other hand we find that polarization does not necessarily imply ground motion amplification. In the frequency band above 4 Hz the topography-related effects are mainly aggravated by the presence of the weathering layer, even though they do not exceed the soil-related effects in the flat-topography basin. The structure below the weathering layer plays a recognizable role in the topography-related site response only for frequencies below 4 Hz.

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Reconnaissance of geotechnical aspects of the 2016 Central Italy earthquakes

Cited by 23 publications

References 33 publications

Lessons from April 6, 2009 L’Aquila earthquake to enhance microzoning studies in near-field urban areas

Lessons from April 6, 2009 L’Aquila earthquake to enhance microzoning studies in near-field urban areas

Rapid Terrain Assessment for Earthquake-Triggered Landslide Susceptibility With High-Resolution DEM and Critical Acceleration

Investigation of Topographic Site Effects using 3D Waveform Modelling: Amplification, Polarization and Torsional Motions in the Case Study of Arquata del Tronto (Italy)

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