Reconstitution of Human Corpus Cavernosum Smooth Muscle in Vitro and in Vivo

Abstract

A large number of congenital and acquired abnormalities of the genitalia would benefit from the availability of transplantable, autologous corpus cavernosum tissue for use in reconstructive procedures. We describe the results of preliminary experiments designed to determine the feasibility of using cultured human corporal smooth muscle cells seeded onto biodegradable polymer scaffolds for the formation of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle in vitro and in vivo. Primary cultures of human corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells were derived from operative biopsies obtained during penile prosthesis implantation. Cells were characterized in vitro and seeded as a contiguous multilayered sheet onto polymers of non-woven polyglycolic acid. The seeded polymer constructs were then implanted subcutaneously in athymic mice. Animals were killed 7, 14, and 24 days after surgery and implants were examined via histology, immunocytochemistry, and Western blot analyses. Cultured cell multilayers were identified as smooth muscle before implantation via phase-contrast microscopy, immunocytochemistry and Western blot analyses. Retrieved implants from all time points demonstrated corporal smooth muscle tissue grossly, and histologically, at the time of sacrifice. Intact smooth muscle cell multilayers were observed growing along the surface of the polymers. There was evidence of early vascular ingrowth at the periphery of the implants by 7 days. By 24 days, there was evidence of polymer degradation. Maintenance of the smooth muscle phenotype in vivo was confirmed immunocytochemically and by Western blot analyses with antibodies to alpha-smooth muscle actin. This study provides evidence that cultured human corporal smooth muscle cells may be used in conjunction with biodegradable polymer scaffolds to create corpus cavernosum smooth muscle tissue in vitro and in vivo.

A new method of measuring the stiffness of corpus cavernosum penis with ShearWave™ Elastography

“…The current method of evaluating the tissue components of CCP is penis biopsy, by which we can observe the density of smooth muscles and the content of collagen fibres. 12,13 But the process is complicated, invasive and liable to cause some severe side effects including penis pain and fibrosis of cavernous tissue; therefore, patients are unlikely to accept this method. So, the clinical application of penis biopsy has been greatly restricted.…”

Estado actual de la ingeniería de tejidos en urología: Revisión de la literatura

“…En un intento de poder disponer de un tejido autólogo viable para la corrección de anomalías congénitas o lesiones traumáticas de pene, Kershen 75,76 consigue cultivar e implantar en ratones atímicos células de músculo cavernoso humano, demostrando inmunohistoquímicamen-te su fenotipo muscular.…”

Efficacy and Safety of Biodegradable Microparticles in the Regeneration of Injured Rabbit Corpus Cavernosum: Primary Report

“…1,2 During the past decades, various approaches to tissue engineering for the penile corpus cavernosum have been explored. Kershen et al 3 successfully reconstructed human corporal smooth muscle tissue from cultured human corporal smooth cells seeded onto biodegradable PLGA scaffolds. Perovic et al 4 used a PLGA scaffold in penile girth enlargement surgery.…”