Reconstructed epidermis versus human and animal skin in skin absorption studies

Schreiber, Sylvia; Mahmoud, Ashraf M.; Vuia, Alexander; Rübbelke, M.K.; Schmidt, E. W.; Schaller, Martin; Kanďárová, Helena; Haberland, Annekathrin; Schäfer, U.; Bock, U.; Korting, H.C.; Liebsch, Manfred; Schäfer‐Korting, Monika

doi:10.1016/j.tiv.2005.04.004

Cited by 105 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This will amount to a total number of about 30,000 substances. 1 In addition to that, the scientific committee on cosmetic products and nonfood products intended for consumers (SCCNFP)'s notes the high relevance of validation and evaluation of cosmetic products' effects. 2 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 The in vitro approach that consists in the use of excised or reconstructed skin for validation tests (percutaneous absorption, toxicological risks, development of drugs, safety studies for cosmetic products) appears to be therefore inevitable. 1,5 This approach has been adopted by the ''guideline test'' 428 of the OECD (organization for economic co-operation and development). 6 The present sources for excised human skin are not sufficient to cover the need; therefore animal skin mainly from rat and pig are used instead.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 Since then, different models of reconstructed skin were developed, studied, and commercialized. 1,3,5,11,12 These models were characterized and compared by several techniques to natural skin, excised human skin, and animal model skin (rat and pig). 13,14 Among the techniques actually used to study the skin, Raman spectroscopy presents the advantages of being nondestructive, it also allows a real-time structural and molecular analysis, without requiring any sample preparation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular characterization of reconstructed skin model by Raman microspectroscopy: Comparison with excised human skin

et al. 2007

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Human skin is directly exposed to different exogenous agents. Many research works have studied the diffusion, interactions, absorption mechanisms, and/or toxicity of these agents toward different cutaneous structures. With the use of living animals for such tests being more and more rejected; and the number of human volunteers being limited; different types of skin models are used. In the last few years, reconstructed epidermis from cell cultures has been frequently employed, and recent changes in the European chemical policy have approved and encouraged the use of these reconstructed models for skin‐related research works and assessments. Among the techniques used actually to study the skin, Raman microspectroscopy is a rising and powerful nondestructive technique that detects characteristic molecular vibrations. In this study, we created a spectral database to index the vibration peaks and bands of a well‐known reconstructed epidermis model, the Episkin®. The comparison with a native epidermis signal enabled us to put in evidence several spectral differences associated with molecular and structural differences between the skin and the reconstructed model, both maintained in living conditions. In addition to that, we have showed the feasibility of tracking the penetration of a pharmaceutical molecule through the Episkin model. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 87: 261–274, 2007.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular characterization of reconstructed skin model by Raman microspectroscopy: Comparison with excised human skin

et al. 2007

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“…9 This evidence significantly differed with respect to the data reported by some authors using adult pig skin, where an extended lag time was described. 10 The J max obtained by the present set of benzoxazinones were compared with the human skin permeability data 9 by means of the factor of difference value (FoD) described by Dick and Scott 11 (Equation 2):…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Newborn pig skin as model membrane in in vitro drug permeation studies: A technical note

2007

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“…In most of the cases, analyses showed an augmentation of the flux. One exception can be noted for Schreiber et al who observed no differences in the flux of caffeine and testosterone through porcine skin [23]. However, these analyses cannot be conclusive for human skin as it differs too greatly from animal skin.…”

Section: Volume 1 Issue 2 -2017mentioning

confidence: 96%

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2017

JDC

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Short AbstractThree-dimensional skin substitutes reconstructed by tissue engineering have strong potential to emulate skin conditions in vivo, although their production necessitates a relatively long period of time. Storage of cryopreserved substitutes among time, using some kind of banking system, would be a conceivable solution to make their utilization more appealing for dermopharmaceutical testing. This study evaluated the effects of freezing at -20 °C over a period of 2 months on the structural and physicochemical properties of skin substitutes produced by tissue engineering. IntroductionLocated at the interface between the human body and the exterior environment, skin is the first line of defense against pathogens, chemicals, and harmful mechanical stimuli [1]. Due to its large surface area and its structural and functional complexity, regenerating a complete human skin represents a big challenge. Over the past years, different human skin substitute models have evolved in order to treat victims of severe burns and chronic cutaneous wounds [2]. Skin substitutes are useful in both applied and fundamental fields of research. They can be grafted as skin replacement in clinical applications or used for various types of skin tests, such as dermopharmacology and toxicology studies [2,3]. Skin substitutes properties must be as close as possible to those of normal skin [4].Over the past decade or so, the use of animals in fundamental and applied research has been subject to social debates, and this has led to the creation of more restrictive legislations, such as the addition of the Seventh Amendment to the European Union's Cosmetic Directive [4]. Utilization of skin substitutes to perform tests allowed for the elimination, or at least reduction, of controversial animal testing. Moreover, as animal skin differs in many ways to human skin, well representative skin substitutes could improve the validity of performed tests [5]. In order to increase efficiency, rapid access to skin substitutes is critical. Therefore, optimized storage methods are needed [6].Cryopreservation is an approach that has been under much investigation recently. The impact of various freezing conditions has been tested on animal and human skins. Among all tests performed, permeability analysis is one of the most commonly used in the literature. This test is based on the fact that skin, despite its crucial involvement as a barrier against exogenous material, remains permeable to most substances. AbstractBackground: Three-dimensional skin substitutes reconstructed by tissue engineering have strong potential to emulate skin conditions in vivo, although their production necessitates a relatively long period of time. Storage of cryopreserved substitutes among time, using some kind of banking system, would be a conceivable solution to make their utilization more appealing for dermo pharmaceutical testing. This study evaluated the effects of freezing at -20 °C over a period of 2 months on the structural and physicochemical properties of skin substitu...

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Reconstructed epidermis versus human and animal skin in skin absorption studies

Cited by 105 publications

References 36 publications

Molecular characterization of reconstructed skin model by Raman microspectroscopy: Comparison with excised human skin

Molecular characterization of reconstructed skin model by Raman microspectroscopy: Comparison with excised human skin

Newborn pig skin as model membrane in in vitro drug permeation studies: A technical note

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