Reconstruction of Composition of the Chernobyl Radionuclide Fallout and External Radiation Absorbed Doses of Population in the Areas of Russia

Pitkevich, V.A.; Dubna, V.V.; Иванов, В.К.; Chekin, C.Yu.; Tysb, A.F.; Vakulovshi, C.M.; Shershakov, V.M.; Makhon'ko, K.P.; Golubenkov, A.V.; Borodin, R.V.; Kosykh, V.S.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a031568

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…With the exception of the three model calculations (OSCAAR, UniVes and CLRP) that assumed feeding of cows with uncontaminated feedstuff all the time, the results are within an order of magnitude. Similar factors of uncertainty have been reported by other authors dealing with post Chernobyl 131 I dose reconstructions in the most contaminated areas of Belarus and Ukraine [5,6]. …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Radioecological assessments of the Iodine working group of IAEA's EMRAS programme: Presentation of input data and analysis of results of the prague scenario

Krajewski

Ammann

Filistovič³

et al. 2009

Radioprotection

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Abstract. In 2003 IAEA launched the EMRAS Programme aiming at evaluating the predictive power of radiological models. The programme continued work of previous international radioecological modelling programmes and comprised several working groups focusing on different aspects of environmental modelling. The Iodine Working Group reassessed the impact of the release of 131 I during the Chernobyl accident with the aim of comparing model predictions with environmental data and inter-comparing the model predictions. Measurement data and detailed geographic and demographic descriptions were available for three regions: Plavsk, Warsaw and Prague. As for the Prague Scenario, milk supply regions of three big dairies were chosen for the model validation. Apart from geographic, demographic and agricultural descriptions (e.g. gathering regions of the dairies, feeding regime), the modellers were provided with information on the weather conditions and measurement data of iodine contamination. The most important peculiarities of Prague Scenario were keeping milk cattle in sheds and a special feeding regime during May 1986. The modellers were asked to assess the 131 I content in the thyroid of the local population and the resulting dose. The assessments were compared with measurement data. The results of these model calculations and their comparison with experimental data are presented.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Radioecological assessments of the Iodine working group of IAEA's EMRAS programme: Presentation of input data and analysis of results of the prague scenario

Krajewski

Ammann

Filistovič³

et al. 2009

Radioprotection

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“…Radioactive 95 Zr together with the progeny 95 Nb, both beta-and gammaemitters, are found in non-negligible amounts after the release of refractory materials in nuclear accidents. As an example, 95 Zr activity in the Chernobyl reactor at the time of the accident was 5.5·10 18 Bq, and the activity released into the atmosphere in April-May 1986 was 2.0·10 17 Bq [7]. Due to its half-life of about 2 months, it can represent a serious hazard with respect to transfer into the human food chain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of biokinetic parameters for ingestion of radionuclides of zirconium in animals using stable tracers

Bartolo

Cantone

Giussani

et al. 2000

Radiat Environ Biophys

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Exposure to the radioactive isotope 95Zr, as in nuclear accidents, and to stable zirconium, due to its use in industry, has increased the interest in the biokinetics of this element. Information has been derived mainly from tests performed on animals by means of radioactive tracers. Due to the fact that extrapolation from animals to humans is always open to question, there is an increasing need of a methodology which allows data to be obtained directly from humans. The use of stable tracers, being ethically justifiable, is a powerful tool for providing this information. As two tracers of the same element must be utilized in order to evaluate gut absorption, an analytical technique which is capable of distinguishing and measuring simultaneously different isotopes of zirconium in biological samples is required. Preliminary tests on laboratory animals were performed in order to assess the feasibility of the double tracer technique combined with proton activation analysis.

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“…An analysis of potential associations was made among the following: distribution of the thyroid cancer incidence over the settlements of the Bryansk Oblast; geographic maps with detailed landscape features, transportation arteries, and waterways; maps of 137Cs-and 13II-contaminated areas and settlements (4,5); demographic data on the population of Bryansk Oblast; and available data about measured and reconstructed absorbed thyroid doses (6)(7)(8).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Major factors contributing to the dose received from the accident were contamination of the environment with radioactive iodine during the first 2 months and contamination of territories with longlived radionuclides, mainly i37Cs. Detailed maps of Chernobyl-related contamination were generated using direct measurements and simulation modeling (4,5). In these studies various health disorders detected in the course of routine medical examination of patients in the monitored areas were collated with the mean contamination level for those in corresponding administrative units-an oblast (region), a rayon (district), or a settlement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additional thyroid dose factor from transportation sources in Russia after the Chernobyl disaster.

Parshkov

Chebotareva

Sokolov

et al. 1997

Environ Health Perspect

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Beginning approximately 4 years after the Chernobyl nuclear accident a steady increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer was observed in children and adolescents of the Bryansk Oblast, which received the highest level of radionuclide contaminants in Russia. We examined the spatial relationship between the residence location of patients with identified thyroid cancer (0-18 years old at the time of the accident) and a number of geographic parameters to better account for the etiology of thyroid cancer spatial distribution. Geographic parameters analyzed included spatial distribution of 137Cs and 1311 in soil, population demographics, measurements and reconstructions of absorbed thyroid 1311 doses in the population, and maps of major transportation arteries. An interesting finding is the lack of a consistent correlation between the spatial distribution of radionuclides in the soil and thyroid cancer incidence. Instead, most of the thyroid cancer cases were diagnosed in settlements situated on major railways and roads. Correlating population with thyroid cancer cases and transportation arteries reveals a much higher cancer rate on or near major roads and railways than at a distance from them, again independent of radionuclide soil concentration. There are other important factors, of course, that must be considered in future evaluations of this phenomenon. These include the influence of iodine endemic zones, genetic predisposition to thyroid cancer, and duration of residence time in contaminated areas. The feasibility of radionuclide transport on railways and roads is discussed, together with the vectors for transfer of the contaminants to the human population. Developing a model to reconstruct the radiation dose to the thyroid over time in this geographic region is proposed in light of the impact of transportation arteries. Specific studies are outlined to provide the data necessary to develop this model as well as to better characterize the feasibility and scientific validity of the contribution to human health effects of this transport factor. Transport factor refers to the transport of radionuclides on transportation arteries and the transfer of these agents to the human population residing in the vicinity of these arteries. If the impact on thyroid cancer of the transport of radionuclides on major railways and roads is indeed significant, a major reappraisal of the risk of large-scale radioactive release into the environment is necessary.

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Reconstruction of Composition of the Chernobyl Radionuclide Fallout and External Radiation Absorbed Doses of Population in the Areas of Russia

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Radioecological assessments of the Iodine working group of IAEA's EMRAS programme: Presentation of input data and analysis of results of the prague scenario

Radioecological assessments of the Iodine working group of IAEA's EMRAS programme: Presentation of input data and analysis of results of the prague scenario

Determination of biokinetic parameters for ingestion of radionuclides of zirconium in animals using stable tracers

Additional thyroid dose factor from transportation sources in Russia after the Chernobyl disaster.

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