Aluminum alloy RSW is influenced by the low melting point and high thermal expansion rate of aluminum alloy materials. During the welding process, the electrode cap surface is prone to erosion, which affects the continuous welding number and welding quality of RSW. It is a difficult problem in the industry that restricts the application of aluminum RSW. This article studies the factors affecting the weldability of resistance spot welding (RSW) of aluminum alloy materials, including plate materials, electrode specifications and materials, equipment structure and welding control methods, electrode connection methods, welding process specifications, etc., and identified possible ways to enhance the weldability and weld quality of aluminum alloy spot welding. Through the experimental study, it was further explored that the comprehensive performance capability of aluminum alloy RSW can be improved by setting appropriate welding parameters for the electrode with R100mm arc at the front end for the flat aluminum plate which has been pickled and passivated.