Recorded music in the mental health waiting room: A music medicine investigation

Waldon, Eric G.; Thom, Jennifer C.

doi:10.1016/j.aip.2015.07.006

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This study also found no significant difference in health or anxiety between patients exposed to waiting room music and those who were not (Jones & Brittain, 2009). In a mental health waiting room, similar findings of improved satisfaction but no change in anxiety were reported with the use of a piece of Western classical music (Waldon & Thom, 2015). The use of live music was explored in a study in a university health clinic, which found that patients exposed to live Western popular vocal music, performed by a music therapy student with guitar self-accompaniment, reported greater satisfaction with their visit and would be more likely to recommend the clinic to others (Silverman et al, 2012).…”

Section: Clinical Studies and Surveyssupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Music selection in most studies was not done in a rigorous process; in many studies, the methods by which music was selected were not described, while a few studies described reasoning justifying their selection of music that met characteristics previously found to be considered relaxing. Criteria described in such studies included diatonic melody (lacking notes outside of the traditional diatonic scale), predictable dynamic changes, consistent rhythm, and lack of lyrics (Waldon & Thom, 2015). Music having a tempo of approximately 60 bpm, or below 72 bpm, has also been described as a criterion for being relaxing (Holm & Fiztmaurice, 2008; Waldon & Thom, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Criteria described in such studies included diatonic melody (lacking notes outside of the traditional diatonic scale), predictable dynamic changes, consistent rhythm, and lack of lyrics (Waldon & Thom, 2015). Music having a tempo of approximately 60 bpm, or below 72 bpm, has also been described as a criterion for being relaxing (Holm & Fiztmaurice, 2008; Waldon & Thom, 2015). It has been noted that faster tempi of 100–120 bpm lead to sympathetic nervous system stimulation, while those slower than the average heart rate, approximately 60 bpm, may induce suspense and thus also not be favorable for relaxation (Routhieaux & Tansik, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Music in Waiting Rooms: A Literature Review

Lai

Amaladoss

2021

HERD

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Objective: We aim to review existing literature on the effects of background music in waiting rooms on patients. Furthermore, we examine existing neurobiological research for potential mechanisms by which music may affect patients. Background: Music has been studied in healthcare in various forms, from formal interventions such as music therapy to passive listening as therapy. However, music is also present in the healthcare environment in the form of background music in waiting rooms. There has been interest in whether background music in such a setting may have beneficial effects on patient anxiety in order to potentially inform healthcare workers whether and what type of music may be suitable for waiting rooms. Methods: We reviewed existing literature on music in healthcare waiting rooms and the neurobiological mechanisms by which music affects anxiety. Results: We located several small studies performed in a range of settings, including physician office waiting rooms and preoperative waiting areas. The studies generally reported that most patients viewed music in these areas positively; some, but not all, studies showed positive effects on patient anxiety. A variety of theories by which music may impact patient anxiety was noted. Conclusions: We conclude that there exists some evidence to support an anxiety-reducing effect of background music on patients, though studies vary widely in methodology and music selection. A small amount of neurobiological research into the pertinent mechanisms has been conducted, but further research will be required to elucidate the exact mechanisms by which this intervention may reduce anxiety.

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Section: Clinical Studies and Surveyssupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Music in Waiting Rooms: A Literature Review

Lai

Amaladoss

2021

HERD

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“…In the auditory modality, music and sounds of nature variables have frequently been studied both independently and in conjunction with visual ones. Including this type of stimuli can facilitate the health processes faced by the patient without negatively influencing the staff's responsibilities (Waldon & Thom, 2015).…”

Section: Design Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multisensory stress reduction: a neuro-architecture study of paediatric waiting rooms

Higuera-Trujillo

Llinares

Aviñó

et al. 2019

Building Research & Information

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The implementation of environmental satisfaction sources in the design of a health centre is a means to achieve stress reduction. The present work analyses the effect that these sources have on the stress reduction of patients' companions in a paediatric service. A two-phase study was carried out. During the first phase, 120 participants assessed 20 waiting rooms in situ in order to select the environmental sources with the greatest effect. During the second phase, the stress levels of 26 participants were measured in four simulated waiting rooms that combined the selected sources from the first phase. A multisensory simulation was carried out through a virtual reality experiment with visual, auditory and olfactory elements, and stress levels were measured at the psychological and neurophysiological levels. Results suggest that a combination of environmental satisfaction sources creates an important synergistic effect at the psychological and neurophysiological levels and underlines the importance of auditory and olfactory stimuli. Conclusions may be of interest to designers and managers of healthcare facilities.

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“…Regarding environmental factors, researchers showed that slow and relaxing music, instrumental music, and natural sounds have a positive effect on visitors' reported stress level, anxiety, and relaxation (Fenko & Loock, 2014;Tansik & Routhieaux, 1999), as well as on patient satisfaction (Silverman et al, 2012;Waldon & Thom, 2015). Furthermore, Watts et al (2016) identified a positive influence of natural sounds and images of natural landscapes on patients' reported tranquility.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waiting Room Physical Environment and Outpatient Experience: The Spatial User Experience Model as Analytical Tool

Nehme

Irribarra

Cumsille

et al. 2021

Journal of Interior Design

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Waiting to receive medical attention is universally present in outpatient health services and, therefore, is a critical experience for service satisfaction. Researchers find that the waiting room physical environment influences users, and it may reduce the adverse effects of waiting. In this study, we used the spatial user experience model (SUE) framework in order to better understand the impact of waiting room features on patient experience. We developed and administered a questionnaire in waiting rooms at two Chilean medical centers. Responses from 563 outpatients and their companions were analyzed through structural equation modeling, concluding that the model is appropriate to describe the SUE in waiting rooms. The dimensions of emotional reaction, spatial appreciation, physical compatibility, and spatial cognition had the most substantial influence on user experience. Furthermore, the user experience showed a strong influence on behavioral intentions desirable by the healthcare industry. Our study provides useful insights to managers and creative teams about the diversity of factors that should be taken into consideration to implement waiting rooms that facilitate positive experiences for patients and visitors.

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Recorded music in the mental health waiting room: A music medicine investigation

Cited by 6 publications

References 22 publications

Music in Waiting Rooms: A Literature Review

Music in Waiting Rooms: A Literature Review

Multisensory stress reduction: a neuro-architecture study of paediatric waiting rooms

Waiting Room Physical Environment and Outpatient Experience: The Spatial User Experience Model as Analytical Tool

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