Recorded storm damage in Swedish forests 1901–2000

Nilsson, Carin; Stjernquist, Ingrid; Bärring, Lars; Schlyter, Peter; Jönsson, Anna Maria; Samuelsson, Hans

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2004.07.031

Cited by 118 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…Bark beetle infestation on a catastrophic level following storm damage was observed after the 1969 storms in southern Sweden (Nilsson et al 2004). Since swarming activity of spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) in southern Sweden is temperature controlled (Jönsson et al 2007), the warm growing seasons 2006 and 2007 (Fig.…”

Section: Disturbance Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change impacts on stand structure and competitive interactions in a southern Swedish spruce–beech forest

et al. 2009

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It is believed that European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) will increase its competitive ability at its northern range margin in Scandinavia due to climate change. In mixed old-growth forests of beech and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) at Siggaboda nature reserve (southern Sweden), stand structure characteristics were sequentially recorded in the years 2004, 2005 and 2007 as well as growth in stem diameter using tree-coring analyses. Using these measurements, we studied the effects on stand dynamics of an extreme storm event (2005 ''Gudrun'' hurricane), drought and heat (mid-summer 2006, spring 2007) and subsequent bark beetle attacks on spruce (growing season 2007), overlaid with warming tendencies. The storm, which caused disastrous damage in many stands nearby, had comparatively little impact on the structure of the spruce-beech stand. All together, only 32 trees (19 spruces, 10 beeches, 3 other species) per hectare were thrown or broken mainly in the leeward direction (NE) or impacted by secondary damage by uprooted neighbour trees; this represents 7% of the total tree number and 11% of the growing stock. Diameter and height structure did not change significantly. However, the 2006 drought and the 2007 attack of biotic agents changed the stand structure and composition strongly due to the death of about 19% of the dominating older spruce trees that accounted for 35% of total stand volume. This resulted in a considerable increase in beech's contribution to stem number (4% increase) and wood volume of the living stand (7% increase). A comparison of diameter growth of beech and spruce during the periods 1894-1949 and 1950-2005 showed a distinct decrease in growth superiority of spruce during the last 50 years. These results support the idea of a northward migration of European beech as a nemoral tree species in Sweden, due to a higher tolerance to the abiotic and biotic threats accompanying climate change and an increased competitive ability compared to boreal tree species Norway spruce.

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Section: Disturbance Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change impacts on stand structure and competitive interactions in a southern Swedish spruce–beech forest

et al. 2009

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“…However, on the European scale at least, no trends were found for storm losses adjusted for inflation and changes in population and wealth in the period 1970-2008(Barredo 2010. Nilsson et al (2004) calculated a storm damage index for Sweden for the period 1901-2000 based on storms sufficient to cause forest damage. Although the 1980s suffered most extreme storm events in terms of windthrow, the authors noted several factors other than wind that increased or decreased storm damage.…”

Section: Surface Pressure and Windsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Change—Atmosphere

Rutgersson

Jaagus

Schenk

et al. 2015

Regional Climate Studies

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This chapter describes observed changes in atmospheric conditions in the Baltic Sea drainage basin over the past 200-300 years. The Baltic Sea area is relatively unique with a dense observational network covering an extended time period. Data analysis covers an early period with sparse and relatively uncertain measurements, a period with well-developed synoptic stations, and a final period with 30+ years of satellite data and sounding systems. The atmospheric circulation in the European/Atlantic sector has an important role in the regional climate of the Baltic Sea basin, especially the North Atlantic Oscillation. Warming has been observed, particularly in spring, and has been stronger in the northern regions. There has been a northward shift in storm tracks, as well as increased cyclonic activity in recent decades and an increased persistence of weather types. There are no long-term trends in annual wind statistics since the nineteenth century, but much variation at the (multi-)decadal timescale. There are also no long-term trends in precipitation, but an indication of longer precipitation periods and possibly an increased risk of extreme precipitation events.

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“…However, storms, droughts, or pest insect outbreaks increasingly often result in large scale forest disturbance [7,8]. Large open areas created by these disturbances require restoration with site adapted tree species [9] and at the same time might be used to cultivate a crop of fast growing tree species to produce additional biomass [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allometries for Widely Spaced Populus ssp. and Betula ssp. in Nurse Crop Systems

Stark

Nothdurft²,

Bauhus

2013

Forests

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Nurse crops of widely spaced pioneer trees are a silvicultural approach to protect the regeneration of frost sensitive target tree species. If overstorey nurse crops are harvested, they can provide additional short-term benefits through increased biomass production, e.g., for bioenergy. However, the intensification of biomass exports from forests might impact negatively on ecosystem nutrient pools. Thus, precise allometric biomass equations are required to quantify biomass and nutrient removals. Since an analysis of published allometric equations developed for typical, dense aspen or birch forests showed that the tree height-to-diameter ratio correlated positively and the proportion of branch biomass negatively with stand density, we developed new allometric biomass equations for widely spaced aspen and birch growing at 4 × 4 m spacing. These equations yielded a root mean squared error of 13% when predicting total aboveground woody biomass for our sample trees. In contrast, the corresponding root mean squared error produced by allometric biomass equations from the literature ranged between 17% to 106% of actual dry biomass. Our results show that specific allometric biomass equations are needed for widely spaced pioneer trees both for accurate estimates of biomass and the nutrients contained within.

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Recorded storm damage in Swedish forests 1901–2000

Cited by 118 publications

References 10 publications

Climate change impacts on stand structure and competitive interactions in a southern Swedish spruce–beech forest

Climate change impacts on stand structure and competitive interactions in a southern Swedish spruce–beech forest

Recent Change—Atmosphere

Allometries for Widely Spaced Populus ssp. and Betula ssp. in Nurse Crop Systems

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