Recovering the Substantive Nature of Landscape

Olwig, Karen Fog

doi:10.1111/j.1467-8306.1996.tb01770.x

Cited by 399 publications

(132 citation statements)

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“…Jones 1991). In its original form the term means 'land shaped by the people' and includes a notion of territory, as a human imprint on the land helps to define a place (Olwig 1996(Olwig , 2000. Today the concept also applies to areas that lack a human imprint, but in Europe most landscapes do indeed have cultural origins, even when they are commonly viewed as 'natural'.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conserving idealized landscapes: past history, public perception and future management in the New Forest (UK)

Grant

Edwards

2007

Veget Hist Archaeobot

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The New Forest is one of the most visited regions of Britain. It has recently been designated a National Park in recognition of its unique wood pasture ecosystems, a traditional land-use system, its magnificent scenery and recreational potential, and its biodiversity importance. The Forest's highly prized Ancient and Ornamental (A&O) woodlands are a result of complex interactions among human activities of several kinds and the ecology of the dominant species-beech and oak-under the climate conditions of the last one to two millennia. Major changes in management practices over the 20th century, combined with the historical imprint of previous centuries of use, have set the A&O woodlands on a trajectory that means their nature and appearance will inevitably change over the coming decades. When the potential stresses that will be imposed by 21st century climate change are also considered, it will be challenging to find a management strategy to maintain A&O woodlands in their present form. Beech, which owes its current dominance largely to human disturbances of the woodland ecosystem, will be particularly stressed under future conditions. Future conservation policies, and hence management strategies, must be flexible as to the species composition and structure of future woodlands. However, the wide range of users and their different values add further complexity to forest management, and managers must also focus on issues of public perception. For example visitors idealize current landscapes, and this exerts a pressure to maintain the status quo as far as appearance is concerned that will be hard to achieve in practice. Management strategies will be greatly constrained unless conflicts about values and uses are resolved.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conserving idealized landscapes: past history, public perception and future management in the New Forest (UK)

Grant

Edwards

2007

Veget Hist Archaeobot

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“…Il est l'oeuvre du géographe américain -et philologue d'origine -Kenneth Olwig, qui est parti de l'examen d'un corpus de sources de la fin du Moyen Âge et du début de l'époque moderne concernant l'Europe du nord Olwig (1996Olwig ( , 2003 observe que les mots Landschaft, landskab, landscap désignent alors dans les textes des communautés largement autonomes vis-à-vis des pouvoirs centraux, correspondant à des territoires gouvernés en référence à un droit coutumier qui intègre la spécificité des configurations du milieu physique local et garantit la justice dans le partage des ressources. Les mots que l'on peut traduire par « paysage » désignent alors également ce droit lui-même, mais aussi les représentants des Landschaften au sein des assemblées.…”

Section: Du Paysage-communauté Au Paysage-spectacle : Les Thèses D'olwigunclassified

Les grands récits du paysage occidental. Une traversée historique et critique ( xix e - xxi e siècles)

Briffaud¹

2014

l'Information Géographique

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Au coeur des spéculations dont la question paysagère a fait l'objet ces dernières décennies dans le domaine scientifique et philosophique, il y a l'idée, défendue par certains théoriciens, que le paysage n'est pas un simple donné perceptible, de tout temps et partout à portée de regard, mais plutôt une forme spécifique d'appréhension de « la nature » et du monde environnant -« a way of seeing » (Cosgrove, 1984) -qui serait propre à une période de l'histoire, à certains mondes sociaux et à certaines aires culturelles. La promotion de cette conception du paysage -il convient d'insister sur ce point -ne correspond pas à une simple revalorisation de ses dimensions symboliques et imaginaires, réagissant à une certaine focalisation des scientifiques -des géographes notamment, mais aussi des historiens et aujourd'hui des landscape ecologistssur sa dimension « matérielle » ou biophysique. Ce que porte ce paysage assimilé à une forme de regard, c'est la question même des modalités de l'identification du monde environnant, posée du point de vue de leur hétérogénéité sociale, culturelle et historique. Les enjeux épistémologiques sous-jacents à cette appréhension de la notion de paysage apparaissent, ainsi, particulièrement prégnants. Ils n'ont trait à rien moins qu'à la construction/reconstruction de l'identité et des interfaces de certaines disciplines des sciences humaines et sociales. Cela est vrai pour la géographie, mais aussi, quoique parfois dans une moindre mesure, pour d'autres disciplines concernées par cette même idée du paysage : histoire de l'art, anthropologie, philosophie esthétique... Mais ces enjeux sont aussi, et inséparablement, d'ordre politiques et sociétaux, à l'heure où la notion de paysage sert d'étendard à certaines conceptions alternatives de l'aménagement, de la gestion, de l'urbanisation et de la patrimonialisation des territoires (Luginbühl, 2007(Luginbühl, et 2012.Les lignes qui suivent proposent une exploration de cette conception du paysage à partir d'un point de vue particulier : celui des discours qu'elle a générés, et dont elle apparaît de fait inséparable, sur les « origines » du paysage, c'est-à-dire sur le moment -mais cette question du moment est indissociable de celle du lieu -où émerge cette forme de regard sur le monde environnant. Situer ce moment de l'« invention » du paysage -pour reprendre une expression dont différents auteurs ont fait à ce propos usage -c'est prouver l'irréductible

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“…Anthropological works on landscape as a cultural process are part of this strand (Hirsch & O'Hanlon, 1995). So is also Kenneth Olwig's work on the 'substantive' landscape, tracing the pre-renaissance Northern Europe landscape back to myriad local polities and places (Olwig, 1996(Olwig, , 2002 later on unified, with the rise of the nation-state, in an ideological and visual representation (the scenery). Such a perspective allows the analyst to capture the current tensive relations between the bottom-up construction of a European landscape through the practice of 'Convention' (the European Landscape Convention) (a type of polity) and the top-down territorial/landscape planning by the states (based on regulations and scenery-type representations) (Olwig, 2005(Olwig, , 2007.…”

Section: Opportunities For Field Research: Emerging Research Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction: Landscapes of Energies

2010

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The international Kyoto process and the work of the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) have progressively presented the evidence of global warming as the future and most urgent challenge for humanity. National and supra-national renewable energy policies are at the core of the strategies developed in order to face it. The ongoing changes in the energy mix, which include an increase in the share of renewable energy, triggers a new interest in the landscape-energy relationship. Renewable energy is widely and unevenly dispersed across the land. Their spatial impacts and decentralized energy infrastructures can be significant, highly perceptible and regarded as the re-composition of socio-technical links between landscape and energy. Landscape has become a key arena for the debate on energy policy. The reverse is also true. Energy issues might bring new dimensions into landscape policies and processes. There can be very little doubt that energy will remain the number one driver for landscape transformation in the 21st century.This editorial discusses the empirical and theoretical potential of developing research works at the crossroads of landscapes and energies, and ventures a tentative agenda for what can be termed the ''landscapes of energies''. The papers gathered in this special issue all explore the evolving relationship between landscape and energy, albeit from different angles. They capture, together, some of the richness of this emerging research field.KEY WORDS: Renewable energy, landscape processes, energy policy, landscape policy, research agenda Now that the curtain is falling on the era of cheap oil we are reminded once again of the vital role of energy for our existence. Even God appears to have understood the key role of energy, for according to the Bible, upon creating the heavens and the earth, God's second act of creation was to switch the light on (Genesis 1: 1 -3), providing a vital energy service in advance of anticipated future demand. 1 The value of energy is of course recognized well beyond the realms of science and religion. Shifts in patterns of energy generation, control and use are very closely linked to power relations, including conquest and submission, expressed in ideology, enacted in governance and embedded in national, collective and individual identities. Lenin equated communism with electrification; Franco-and many a dictatorial regime since-sought to symbolize the virtue of his regime through the development of hydropower. The restoration of national pride and political independence of postwar France was expressed through nuclear power. The big car economy lies at the heart of the American dream and national identity-something that Hitler was perhaps hoping to emulate with his support for the Autobahn and Volkswagen. In short, the use of energy in human society, expressed by the practices through which it is harnessed, transported and consumed, has always played a key role in the structuring of identities, territories and landscapes.Renewable energy, once...

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Recovering the Substantive Nature of Landscape

Cited by 399 publications

References 38 publications

Conserving idealized landscapes: past history, public perception and future management in the New Forest (UK)

Conserving idealized landscapes: past history, public perception and future management in the New Forest (UK)

Les grands récits du paysage occidental. Une traversée historique et critique ( xix e - xxi e siècles)

Introduction: Landscapes of Energies

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