Recovery from ECS-produced amnesia following a reminder

Koppenaal, R. J.; Jagoda, Eleanor; Cruce, Judith A.F.

doi:10.3758/bf03332228

Cited by 48 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In our view, this lack of effect could not be attributed to an inadequate choice of the cuing treatment. Indeed, as previously noted, exposure to a part of the training apparatus or to the experimental context and the provision of access to the specific food reinforcer of the training episode are among the most widely used reactivation treatments (Deweer et al, 1980;Koppenaal et al, 1967;Sara, 1973). Moreover, the results obtained after a retention interval of 14 days demonstrate that at least one of them, exposure to the experimental context, is able to alleviate performance disruption induced by spontaneous forgetting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…For that reason, in a serious effort to reverse the detrimental effect of the contextual change, we studied several other effective reminders in addition to presentation of the experimental context. These reminders included presentation of the reinforcer (Koppenaal, Jagoda, & Cruce, 1967) and placement in the startbox (Sara, 1973), both given 1 day following training. In addition, specificity of the cuing treatment after that particular interval was assessed by using a control group.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does contextual change determine long-term forgetting?

Gisquet-Verrier

Alexinsky

1986

Animal Learning & Behavior

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A series of experiments were run to test the hypothesis that "spontaneous forgetting" could result from subtle contextual changes. The first experiment demonstrated that when SpragueDawley male rats are trained in a runway alley with a food reinforcer, retention performance is dramatically affected by a change in the pattern of the walls of the training apparatus when testing takes place 1, 3, or 5 days following training and not after 1 week. Experiment 2 demonstrated that this performance deficit cannot be alleviated by any of the three selected cuing treatments, whereas "spontaneous forgetting" (resulting from a training-to-test interval of 14 days) can be. These data indicate that the detrimental effect of contextual change reduces over time, and that such an effect cannot be interpreted in terms of retrieval failure. These results lend strong support to the argument that the disruptive contextual change effect is basically different from the disruptive effect that results from an extended training-to-test interval.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does contextual change determine long-term forgetting?

Gisquet-Verrier

Alexinsky

1986

Animal Learning & Behavior

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“…There is considerable evidence indicating that an exposure to some components of a learning episode can alleviate a performance decrement resulting from experimentally induced amnesia (Koppenaal, Jagoda, & Cruce, 1967; R. R. Miller & Springer, 1972;Sara, 1973a), spontaneous decrease in performance (Kamin effect: Klein & Spear, 1970;Gisquet-Verrier & Alexinsky , 1990a) , short retention intervals (Gordon & Feldman, 1978) or long-term forgetting (Deweer, Sara, & Hars, 1980;Gisquet-Verrier & Alexinsky, 1986;GisquetVerrier, Dekeyne, & Alexinsky, 1989). The facilitative effect of prior cuing is a highly reliable phenomenon that has been found in many different species, such as rats, mice, and pigeons (Moye & Thomas, 1982), as well as in human infants (Rovee-Collier & Hayne, 1987).…”

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confidence: 99%

Coherence of retrieval cues, rather than additivity, determines prior cuing effectiveness in the rat

Gisquet-Verrier

1992

Animal Learning & Behavior

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In previous studies, we have shown that adding a supplementary cue in a prior-cuing treatment may dramatically reduce its initial effectiveness. This series of experiments was aimed at testing the hypothesis that such a lack of additivity among retrieval cues could be due to the combined reactivation of memory attributes related to incompatible behavioral responses. For that purpose, rats were partially trained to reach the lighted arm (light condition; usual training condition) or the darkened arm (dark condition) of a V-maze in order to avoid an electric footshock. The first experiment demonstrates that animals learned the two versions of the task similarly and that an exposure to the light similarly acts as an effective retrieval cue after a 24-h interval. In the second experiment, the effectiveness of exposure to the grid alone and to the light alone as well as to the combined light + grid cue was investigated after a 21-day training-to-test interval in the light condition, where light was related to safety and grid was associated with the shock, and in the dark condition, where both light and grid were related to the shock. The results indicate that whereas the compound light + grid cue was an ineffective retrieval cue in the light condition, it acted as an effective retrieval cue in the dark condition, supporting the hypothesis that coherence between retrieval cues is a necessary condition for effective cuing.

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“…Such retrieval processes rnight be analogous to cataloging, which facilitates access to the re levant information during subsequent test trials, and are assumed distinguishable from consolidation processes which are defined here to concern only the formation of the underlying structural-chernical engram of long-term storage. This view of retrieval failure has been used by n umerous other researchers (e. g., Koppenaal, Jagoda, & Cruce, 1967;Quartermain, McEwen, & Azrnitia, 1970) and should not be confused with the categorical definitions of storage being all processes occurring during and soon after acquisition, and retrieval being all processes occurring at the time of testing (e.g., Cherkin, 1970). The latter set of definitions requires that ECS-induced amnesia be classified as a storage (consolidation) failure due to the nature of the retrograde gradient of amnesia.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…However, while occasional spontaneous recovery studies yielded positive results (e.g., Zinkin & Miller, 1967), the majority have found spontaneous recovery from ECS-induced amnesia to be a slight or nonexistent phenomenon (e.g., Luttges & McGaugh, 1967;Herz & Peeke, 1968). More recently, facilitated recovery of memory has been demonstrated in numerous instances (e.g., Koppenaal, Jagoda, & Cruce, 1967;Quartermain, McEwen, & Azmitia, 1970;. For exarnple found that noncontingent footshock (FS) delivered outside the training apparatus during the retention period could induce substantial recovery of memory.…”

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confidence: 99%

Recovery from amnesia following transcorneal electroconvulsive shock

Miller

Springer

1972

Psychon Sci

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Rats that received one-trial passive avoidance training, followed 8 sec later by transcomeal electroconvulsive shock (ECS), displayed extensive memory deficits on a 24-h retention test. However, a noncontingent footshock delivered outside of the training situation during the retention interval caused a partial recovery of memory. Control Ss receiving similar stimulation entirely outside of the training situation did not display equivalent avoidance behavior, suggesting that the avoidance behavior of the former group was specific to the training situation rather than a systemic effect of the combined treatments. These data indicate that transcomeal ECS is similar to transpinnate ECS in that both interfere with retrieval processes that normally occur soon after acquisition.

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Recovery from ECS-produced amnesia following a reminder

Cited by 48 publications

References 2 publications

Does contextual change determine long-term forgetting?

Does contextual change determine long-term forgetting?

Coherence of retrieval cues, rather than additivity, determines prior cuing effectiveness in the rat

Recovery from amnesia following transcorneal electroconvulsive shock

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