Recovery from sagittal-plane whole body angular momentum perturbations during walking

Mierlo, Michelle van; Ambrosius, J.I.; Vlutters, Mark; Asseldonk, Edwin H.F. van; Kooij, Herman van der

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111169

Cited by 23 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…While such a decrease could be understood as stabilizing after a medially directed perturbation, it is harder to understand for laterally directed perturbations. Interestingly, when angular momentum itself is perturbed directly, by Special issue: Effects of aging on locomotor patterns a simultaneous push and pull perturbation, a recovery of the angular momentum was seen directly after the perturbations 56 .…”

Section: Angular Momentum Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms that stabilize human walking

Leeuwen

Bruijn

Dieën

2022

BJMB

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In this paper we review what mechanisms are used to stabilize human bipedal gait. Based on mechanical reasoning, potential mechanisms to control the body center of mass trajectory are modulation of foot placement, stance leg control consisting of modulation of ankle moments and push-off forces, and modulations of the body’s angular momentum. The first two mechanisms and especially the first are dominant in controlling center of mass accelerations during gait, while angular momentum control plays a lesser role, but may be important to control body alignment and orientation. The same control mechanisms stabilize both steady-state and perturbed gait in both the mediolateral and antero-posterior directions. Control is at least in part active and is affected by proprioceptive, visual and vestibular information. Results support that this reflects a feedback process in which sensory information is used to obtain an estimate of the center of mass state based on which foot placement and ankle moments are modulated. These active feedback mechanisms suggest training approaches for populations at risk of falling, such as augmenting their effective use by means of augmented feedback, or using their complementary nature to train one mechanism by constraining the other mechanisms.

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Section: Angular Momentum Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms that stabilize human walking

Leeuwen

Bruijn

Dieën

2022

BJMB

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“…In case of a narrow BoS another strategy will mainly be used, being the counter-rotation mechanism, induced by movement of the upper body, changing the orientation of the GRF [6, 8]. Coordinated hip, knee and ankle joint moments can redirect the ground reaction force (GRF) and modulate the CoP position in order to control the (CoM) and whole body angular momentum [9]. The staggered stance posture, with a large anteroposterior (AP) BoS, will allow for an effective use of the ankle strategy in the sagittal plane and for a large AP weight shift.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pelvis perturbations in various directions while standing in staggered stance elicit concurrent responses in both the sagittal and frontal plane

Mierlo

Ormiston

Vlutters

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Walking very slowly increases the time spent in the double support phase, which could be resembled by the staggered stance posture. Maintaining balance in this posture is important in order to continue walking safely. We therefore aimed to increase the understanding of balance recovery in staggered stance. We studied balance responses on joint- and muscle level to pelvis perturbations in various directions while standing in this posture. Ten healthy individuals participated in this study. We used one motor beside and one behind the participant to apply perturbations in mediolateral (ML), anteroposterior (AP) and diagonal directions, with a magnitude of 3, 6, 9 and 12% of the participant’s body weight. Meanwhile motion capture, ground reaction forces and moments, and electromyography of the muscles around the ankles and hips were recorded. The perturbations caused movements of the centre of mass (CoM) and centre of pressure (CoP) in the direction of the perturbation. Furthermore, these were often accompanied by motions in a direction different from the perturbation direction. After ML perturbations and diagonal perturbations transverse to the line between both feet, large and significant CoM and CoP deviations were present in the sagittal plane. Also, stronger responses on joint and muscle level were present after these perturbations, compared to AP and diagonal perturbations collinear with the line between both feet. The hip, knee and ankle joints significantly responded to all perturbation directions, but in different manners and modes of cooperation. To conclude, standing in a staggered stance posture makes individuals more vulnerable to perturbations in ML direction and transverse to the line between both feet, requiring larger responses on joint level as well as contributions in the sagittal plane.

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“…Another strategy will be used when the BoS is small, being a counter-rotation mechanism induced by upper body movement to change the orientation of the ground reaction force (GRF) [ 11 , 13 ]. Coordinated hip, knee and ankle joint moments can redirect the GRF and modulate the CoP position in order to control the linear and angular momentum of the whole body [ 14 ]. The staggered stance posture, with a large anteroposterior (AP) BoS, will allow for an effective use of the ankle strategy in the sagittal plane and for a large AP weight shift.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pelvis perturbations in various directions while standing in staggered stance elicit concurrent responses in both the sagittal and frontal plane

et al. 2023

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Increasing knowledge on human balance recovery strategies is important for the development of balance assistance strategies using assistive devices like a powered lower-limb exoskeleton. One of the postures which is relevant for this scenario, but underexposed in research, is staggered stance, a posture with one foot in front. We therefore aimed to gain a better understanding of balance recovery in staggered stance. We studied balance responses at joint- and muscle levels to pelvis perturbations in various directions while standing in this posture. Ten healthy individuals participated in this study. We used one actuator beside and one behind the participant to apply 150 ms perturbations in mediolateral (ML), anteroposterior (AP) and diagonal directions, with a magnitude of 3, 6, 9 and 12% of the participant’s body weight (BW). Meanwhile, motion capture, ground reaction forces and moments, and electromyography of the muscles around the ankles and hips were recorded. The perturbations caused movements of the centre of mass (CoM) and centre of pressure (CoP) in the direction of the perturbation. These were often accompanied by motions in a direction different from the perturbation direction. After perturbations perpendicular to the line between both feet, large and significant AP deviations were present of the CoM (-0.27 till 0.40 cm/%BW, p < 0.029) and CoP (-0.99 till 0.80 cm/%BW, p < 0.001). Also, stronger responses on joint and muscle level were present after these perturbations, compared to AP and diagonal perturbations collinear with the line between both feet. The hip, knee and ankle joints contributed differently to the balance responses after the different perturbation directions. To conclude, standing in a staggered stance posture makes individuals more vulnerable to perturbations perpendicular to the line between both feet, requiring larger responses on joint level as well as contributions in the sagittal plane.

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Recovery from sagittal-plane whole body angular momentum perturbations during walking

Cited by 23 publications

References 24 publications

Mechanisms that stabilize human walking

Mechanisms that stabilize human walking

Pelvis perturbations in various directions while standing in staggered stance elicit concurrent responses in both the sagittal and frontal plane

Pelvis perturbations in various directions while standing in staggered stance elicit concurrent responses in both the sagittal and frontal plane

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