Recovery of Anastomosis Groups of <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> from Different Latitudinal Positions and Influence of Temperatures on Their Growth and Survival

Harikrishnan, R.; Yang, X. B.

doi:10.1094/pdis.2004.88.8.817

Cited by 33 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Such observations have been reported previously in other fungal pathogens, such as R. solani (23) or D. rabiei (19), a close relative of M. pinodes. In contrast, in our work, the extensive variation for growth speed and thermal optima existing among isolates could not be shown to affect the distribution of isolates according to host types.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

A Single, Plastic Population of Mycosphaerella pinodes Causes Ascochyta Blight on Winter and Spring Peas (Pisum sativum) in France

May

Guibert

Leclerc

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

c Plant diseases are caused by pathogen populations continuously subjected to evolutionary forces (genetic flow, selection, and recombination). Ascochyta blight, caused by Mycosphaerella pinodes, is one of the most damaging necrotrophic pathogens of field peas worldwide. In France, both winter and spring peas are cultivated. Although these crops overlap by about 4 months (March to June), primary Ascochyta blight infections are not synchronous on the two crops. This suggests that the disease could be due to two different M. pinodes populations, specialized on either winter or spring pea. To test this hypothesis, 144 pathogen isolates were collected in the field during the winter and spring growing seasons in Rennes (western France), and all the isolates were genotyped using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Furthermore, the pathogenicities of 33 isolates randomly chosen within the collection were tested on four pea genotypes (2 winter and 2 spring types) grown under three climatic regimes, simulating winter, late winter, and spring conditions. M. pinodes isolates from winter and spring peas were genetically polymorphic but not differentiated according to the type of cultivars. Isolates from winter pea were more pathogenic than isolates from spring pea on hosts raised under winter conditions, while isolates from spring pea were more pathogenic than those from winter pea on plants raised under spring conditions. These results show that disease developed on winter and spring peas was initiated by a single population of M. pinodes whose pathogenicity is a plastic trait modulated by the physiological status of the host plant. P lant parasites can quickly adapt to their hosts and overcome resistance genes used in crop protection. This process occurs both in agroecosystems, where hosts (cultivars) are typically quite uniform genetically, and in wild pathosystems, where hosts and parasites show high levels of diversity and are structured as metapopulations (12). However, a number of crop plants are grown in complex ecosystems rather than as the monocultures which characterize modern agriculture; this is particularly the case for species grown as both winter and spring cultivars and for which wild relatives occur as weeds or in field margins.From a plant pathology point of view, such complex ecosystems are usually characterized by one or more of the following parameters: (i) spatial and temporal heterogeneity of hosts, which creates patchiness and an often complex age structure, (ii) intraand interspecific diversity, and (iii) multiple host-pathogen interactions. These features favor niche partitioning, as they allow the coexistence on the same host species of different pathogen populations separated in space and/or time. Indeed, ecological differences that lead to niche partitioning can occur in three basic ways: resource partitioning, temporal niche partitioning, and spatial niche partitioning (4, 14, 36). For plant-pathogenic species able to exploit the same host, separation in space and/or time mi...

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

A Single, Plastic Population of Mycosphaerella pinodes Causes Ascochyta Blight on Winter and Spring Peas (Pisum sativum) in France

May

Guibert

Leclerc

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Rhizoctonia spp. tend to be more active in warm (25 to 30°C) soils (Harikrishnan and Yang 2004). Soil temperatures in the 2015 field trial were about 16 to 17°C.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Time Interval Between Cover Crop Termination and Planting Influences Corn Seedling Disease, Plant Growth, and Yield

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Experiments were established in a controlled-growth chamber and in the field to evaluate the effect of the length of time intervals between winter rye cover crop termination and corn planting on corn seedling disease, corn growth, and grain yield in 2014 and 2015. Rye termination dates ranged from 25 days before planting (DBP) to 2 days after planting (DAP) corn in the field and from 21 DBP to 1 DAP in controlled studies. Results were similar in both environments. In general, shorter intervals increased seedling disease and reduced corn emergence, shoot growth, and grain yield of corn following winter rye compared with corn planted 10 or more days after rye termination or without rye. Incidence of Pythium spp. increased with shorter intervals (less than 8 DBP); incidence of Fusarium spp. was not consistent between runs and experiments. In 2014, in the 1-DAP treatment, number of ears and grain yield were reduced (P = 0.05 and 0.02, respectively). In 2015, all termination intervals reduced plant population, number of ears, and yield (P = 0.01), with the 2-DBP treatment causing the biggest decrease. A 10-to 14-day interval between rye termination and corn planting should be followed to improve corn yield following a rye cover crop. RightsWorks produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted. AbstractExperiments were established in a controlled-growth chamber and in the field to evaluate the effect of the length of time intervals between winter rye cover crop termination and corn planting on corn seedling disease, corn growth, and grain yield in 2014 and 2015. Rye termination dates ranged from 25 days before planting (DBP) to 2 days after planting (DAP) corn in the field and from 21 DBP to 1 DAP in controlled studies. Results were similar in both environments. In general, shorter intervals increased seedling disease and reduced corn emergence, shoot growth, and grain yield of corn following winter rye compared with corn planted

show abstract

“…For instance, chaotropic ions in the Mars regolith might favor the growth of putative early microbial life on Mars at low temperature; it is intriguing to ask what conditions microbial saprotrophs would require to create an agriculturally productive, self-sustaining human base on the moon (40). Knowledge-based approaches to facilitating the activity of saprotrophic microbes that are known to fail in cold-limited ecosystems (41)(42)(43) could lead to the use of environments that have hitherto remained hostile to life (44). For example, environmentally innocuous soil fertilizers such as ammonium nitrate and urea not only reduce the freezing point of water, but they are biologically permissive for microbial growth and yet, moderately chaotropic (10).…”

Section: Solute Activities Determine Survival Of Spores Exposed To Exmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solutes determine the temperature windows for microbial survival and growth

Chin¹,

Megaw²,

Magill³

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

139

185

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Microbial cells, and ultimately the Earth's biosphere, function within a narrow range of physicochemical conditions. For the majority of ecosystems, productivity is cold-limited, and it is microbes that represent the failure point. This study was carried out to determine if naturally occurring solutes can extend the temperature windows for activity of microorganisms. We found that substances known to disorder cellular macromolecules (chaotropes) did expand microbial growth windows, fungi preferentially accumulated chaotropic metabolites at low temperature, and chemical activities of solutes determined microbial survival at extremes of temperature as well as pressure. This information can enhance the precision of models used to predict if extraterrestrial and other hostile environments are able to support life; furthermore, chaotropes may be used to extend the growth windows for key microbes, such as saprotrophs, in cold ecosystems and manmade biomes.

show abstract

Recovery of Anastomosis Groups of Rhizoctonia solani from Different Latitudinal Positions and Influence of Temperatures on Their Growth and Survival

Cited by 33 publications

References 13 publications

A Single, Plastic Population of Mycosphaerella pinodes Causes Ascochyta Blight on Winter and Spring Peas (Pisum sativum) in France

A Single, Plastic Population of Mycosphaerella pinodes Causes Ascochyta Blight on Winter and Spring Peas (Pisum sativum) in France

Time Interval Between Cover Crop Termination and Planting Influences Corn Seedling Disease, Plant Growth, and Yield

Solutes determine the temperature windows for microbial survival and growth

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About