Recovery of citric acid from fermentation beer using supported-liquid membranes

The Effect of Protein and Broth Impurities on the Partition of Citric Acid into n‐Butyanol from Aqueous Solutions

“…A significant increase in the internal phase volume and some mycelium entrainment after coalescence were reported. The successhl use of a supported liquid membrane for extraction of citric acid from fermentation broth has been reported by Friesen [21] and Rockman [22].…”

Thermally enhanced extraction of citric acid through supported liquid membrane

“…The same validation method was also applied to data of Friesen et al (1991), who for isothermal conditions relates Evidently, the transport of the acid uphill from the dilute solution to the more concentrated one occurs by virtue of the temperature gradient across the membrane. By the second law of thermodynamics, the process is only made possible because some heat is also transferred from the hot boundary to the cold one thereby generating the work necessary to drive the mass transfer uphill.…”

Extraction of organic acids from kiwifruit juice using a supported liquid membrane process

“…The transport mechanism for a given system depends on the chosen carrier, solvent and the substance being extracted. The transport mechanism for organic acid and carrier Alamine 336, as mainly used in this study, is described by the following physicochemical events (15,16,17) and shown in Fig. 1.…”

“…This mechanism works only at acidic pH for organic acids, because the carrier molecule binds an H>-ion below its pKa value, which then is responsible for binding with the negatively charged organic acid ion and transporting it across the membrane [17]. Carrier Aliquat 336 however is reported to be effective in both acidic and basic pH [18].…”