Recovery of Leaf Protein for Animal Feed and High‐Value Uses

Bals, Bryan; Dale, Bruce E.; Balan, Venkatesh

doi:10.1002/9780470976692.ch9

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…Tree foliage is also recognized as a high-quality supplement for animal feed [ 46 ]. Traditionally, poplar leaf has been used as a crude protein fodder resource for livestock, particularly for ruminant animals [ 13 , 47 ]. In this current study, we were able to obtain about 12% of crude protein from the LC following a sonication protein extraction method (data not shown).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can we use short rotation coppice poplar for sugar based biorefinery feedstock? Bioconversion of 2-year-old poplar grown as short rotation coppice

Dou

Marcondes

Djaja

et al. 2017

Biotechnol Biofuels

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BackgroundFeedstock cost is a substantial barrier to the commercialization of lignocellulosic biorefineries. Poplar grown using a short rotation coppice (SRC) system has the potential to provide a low-cost feedstock and economically viable sugar yields for fuels and chemicals production. In the coppice management regime, poplars are harvested after 2 years’ growth to develop the root system and establish the trees. The biomass from these 2-year-old trees is very heterogeneous, and includes components of leaf, bark, branch, and wood chip. This material is quite different than the samples that have been used in most poplar bioconversion research, which come from mature trees of short rotation forestry (SRF) plantations. If the coppice management regime is to be used, it is important that feedstock growers maximize their revenue from this initial harvest, but the heterogeneous nature of the biomass may be challenging for bioconversion. This work evaluates bioconversion of 2-year-old poplar coppice and compares its performance to whitewood chips from 12-year-old poplar.ResultsThe 2-year-old whole tree coppice (WTC) is comprised of 37% leaf, 9% bark, 12% branch, and 42% wood chip. As expected, the chemical compositions of each component were markedly different. The leaf has a low sugar content but is high in phenolics, ash, and extractives. By removing the leaves, the sugar content of the biomass increased significantly, while the phenolic, ash, and extractives contents decreased. Leaf removal improved monomeric sugar yield by 147 kg/tonne of biomass following steam pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. Bioconversion of the no-leaf coppice (NLC) achieved a 67% overall sugar recovery, showing no significant difference to mature whitewood from forestry plantation (WWF, 71%). The overall sugar yield of NLC was 135 kg/tonne less than that of WWF, due to the low inherent sugar content in original biomass. An economic analysis shows the minimum ethanol selling price required to cover the operating cost of NLC bioconversion was $1.69/gallon.ConclusionsLeaf removal resulted in significant improvement in overall monomeric sugar production from SRC biomass. Leaf removal is essential to achieve good yields in bioconversion of poplar. Economic analysis suggests the NLC could be a reasonable feedstock provided it can be obtained at a discounted price.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13068-017-0829-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can we use short rotation coppice poplar for sugar based biorefinery feedstock? Bioconversion of 2-year-old poplar grown as short rotation coppice

Dou

Marcondes

Djaja

et al. 2017

Biotechnol Biofuels

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“…contain 10–15% of crude protein [ 255 ]. Though several process technologies are already in place for separating the protein [ 256 ], it is economically challenging to separate crude protein from dilute water stream. Alkali as the pretreatment chemical is more favorable than acids for protein extraction [ 243 ].…”

Section: Coproduct Generation and Its Influence Of Biofuel Productmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Challenges in Commercially Producing Biofuels from Lignocellulosic Biomass

2014

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Biofuels that are produced from biobased materials are a good alternative to petroleum based fuels. They offer several benefits to society and the environment. Producing second generation biofuels is even more challenging than producing first generation biofuels due the complexity of the biomass and issues related to producing, harvesting, and transporting less dense biomass to centralized biorefineries. In addition to this logistic challenge, other challenges with respect to processing steps in converting biomass to liquid transportation fuel like pretreatment, hydrolysis, microbial fermentation, and fuel separation still exist and are discussed in this review. The possible coproducts that could be produced in the biorefinery and their importance to reduce the processing cost of biofuel are discussed. About $1 billion was spent in the year 2012 by the government agencies in US to meet the mandate to replace 30% existing liquid transportation fuels by 2022 which is 36 billion gallons/year. Other countries in the world have set their own targets to replace petroleum fuel by biofuels. Because of the challenges listed in this review and lack of government policies to create the demand for biofuels, it may take more time for the lignocellulosic biofuels to hit the market place than previously projected.

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“…However, until now, large-scale commercial production of biobased products from green biorefineries is yet to be seen on the global market. Different attempts to utilize grasses in pilot scale GBRs are seen in several European countries (Bals et al, 2012;Kamm et al, 2009;Kromus et al, 2004;Mandl, 2010;O'Keeffe et al, 2011a). All these attempts have shown that processing grasses to high value products is technically possible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental screening of potential biomass for green biorefinery conversion

Corona

Parajuli

Ambye‐Jensen

et al. 2018

Journal of Cleaner Production

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Recovery of Leaf Protein for Animal Feed and High‐Value Uses

Cited by 21 publications

References 97 publications

Can we use short rotation coppice poplar for sugar based biorefinery feedstock? Bioconversion of 2-year-old poplar grown as short rotation coppice

Can we use short rotation coppice poplar for sugar based biorefinery feedstock? Bioconversion of 2-year-old poplar grown as short rotation coppice

Current Challenges in Commercially Producing Biofuels from Lignocellulosic Biomass

Environmental screening of potential biomass for green biorefinery conversion

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