Recovery of Long-Term Anterograde Amnesia, but Not Retrograde Amnesia, after Initiation of an Anti-Epileptic Drug in a Case of Transient Epileptic Amnesia

Midorikawa, Akira; Kawamura, Mitsuru

doi:10.1080/13554790701851536

Cited by 36 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…A similar dissociation has been described in a patient with TEA (Midorikawa & Kawamura, 2007). Taken together, these findings suggest that factors giving rise to repeated episodes of transient amnesia can render previously established memories persistently inaccessible or delete them altogether.…”

Section: The Neural Basis Of Autobiographical Amnesiasupporting

confidence: 55%

“…1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 12 The second key theoretical question is whether ALF results from a structural pathology of the episodic memory system or can be caused by a purely physiological -and therefore fully reversible -disturbance. There have been reports of improvement or resolution of ALF on treatment of seizures (Midorikawa & Kawamura, 2007;O'Connor, Sieggreen, Ahern, Schomer, & Mesulam, 1997), supporting a physiological explanation, but ALF often persists in patients whose clinical seizures have ceased (Butler et al, 2007). CS's case shows unequivocally that a fully reversible, pharmacological, effect is capable of causing ALF.…”

Section: The Neural Basis Of Alfmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The GABAB receptor agonist, baclofen, contributes to three distinct varieties of amnesia in the human brain – A detailed case report

Zeman

Hoefeijzers

Milton

et al. 2016

Cortex

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We describe a patient in whom long-term, therapeutic infusion of the selective gamma-amino-butyric acid type B (GABAB) receptor agonist, baclofen, into the cerebrospinal fluid gave rise to three distinct varieties of memory impairment: i) repeated, short periods of severe global amnesia, ii) accelerated long-term forgetting, evident over intervals of days and iii) a loss of established autobiographical memories. This pattern of impairment has been reported in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, in particular the subtype of Transient Epileptic Amnesia. The amnesic episodes and accelerated forgetting remitted on withdrawal of baclofen, while the autobiographical amnesia persisted. This exceptional case highlights the occurrence of 'non-standard' forms of human amnesia, reflecting the biological complexity of memory processes. It suggests a role for GABAB signalling in the modulation of human memory over multiple time-scales and hints at its involvement in 'epileptic amnesia'.Dear Professor Gilboa, Thank you for your comments on our paper, and for the reviews, which we found stimulating and helpful .We were glad that you found the paper 'of great value' overall.We have done as you suggested, resubmitting as a regular manuscript, as we found that dealing with the points raised by the reviewers required some additions to the main text of the paper and to the reference list.We decided to leave the description of the control experiment alluded to in the Results (section 3.3, final sentence) in the Supplementary data, as we felt that its inclusion in the main text of the paper was unnecessary. If you disagree, however, we would of course be happy to move it into the main text.We could supply a version of the paper with all changes 'tracked' if you wish.We hope that you now find the paper acceptable for publication. In these responses, for ease of navigation, we have left the reviewers' original remarks in plain text, have italicised our responses and have highlighted the resulting changes to the text:Reviewer #1: In this manuscript (MS) an interesting case of a 52 year old woman is described who showed a complex symptomatology of memory impairments which were attributed to her treatment with intrathecal baclofen for spasticity. While the paper is well-written in general, I have several concerns and comments, which I am going to outline below.The results are in my eyes not as straight-forward as the authors interpret them. I would therefore recommend that the authors devote some more room to discussing other possible interpretations.a) Although the control participants were matched to CS (the patient) with respect to "age, education and performance on standard psychometric tests" the question is whether baclofen (additionally) affected other functions than memory. In particular one would like to know if it impacted on attention and concentration, motivation (to be tested), mood (depression?), and executive functions. There were no significant differences between CS and control participants on standard measur...

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Section: The Neural Basis Of Autobiographical Amnesiasupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: The Neural Basis Of Alfmentioning

confidence: 99%

The GABAB receptor agonist, baclofen, contributes to three distinct varieties of amnesia in the human brain – A detailed case report

Zeman

Hoefeijzers

Milton

et al. 2016

Cortex

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show abstract

“…Mayes et al, 2003;Kapur et al, 1996;Mameniskiene, Jatuzis, Kaubrys & Budrys, 2006). While O'Connor et al (1997) found that anticonvulsant medication improved memory indirectly, through minimising seizures, and Midorikawa and Kawamura (2007) report a case with improvement in ALF under successful anticonvulsant medication, high serum levels of epilepsy drugs have also been shown to impair retention (but not acquisition), of new information (Jokeit, Kramer & Ebner, 2005). Butler and Zeman (2008a) argue that the accelerated forgetting seen in cases of TEA is unlikely to be a direct result of anticonvulsant treatment as patients subjectively report symptoms prior to treatment, and often report improvements after treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

When “long-term memory” no longer means “forever”: Analysis of accelerated long-term forgetting in a patient with temporal lobe epilepsy

et al. 2010

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"long-term memory" no longer means "forever": analysis of accelerated long-term forgetting in a patient with temporal lobe epilepsy. ' Neuropsychologia 48 (6) [1707][1708][1709][1710][1711][1712][1713][1714][1715] Link to published version: A case study is presented of a patient, RY, with temporal lobe epilepsy, who exhibited such a profile of "accelerated long-term forgetting". To investigate the effect of recalling information on later retention, recall and recognition for pairs of novel stories were tested at five intervals ranging from 30 minutes to 4 weeks; we also manipulated whether or not recall and recognition were repeatedly tested for stories. Two studies are reported, one before RY commenced treatment with anticonvulsant medication, and one following 6 months of treatment. Very similar memory profiles were observed in both settings. Against a background of above average cognitive function, results showed that RY's free recall, although initially average or above, was significantly impaired at extended delays (within 24 hours) for non-repeatedly recalled episodic information. However, this contrasted with normal performance for information that had been repeatedly recalled. An unresolved issue in the field is the impact of anticonvulsant medication on alleviating long-term forgetting, and the current study shows that anticonvulsant medication can have negligible beneficial effects in improving the rate of long-term forgetting in this type of patient. In addition, our study highlights the possible protective effect of active review of recent episodic memories.

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“…La opinión general es que los déficits de memoria retrógrada (autobiográfica) no responden a los fármacos anti-comiciales, sin embargo se ha logrado mejoría del OA en un caso de AET (37).…”

Section: Tratamientounclassified

Neuropsiquiatría clínica de la epilepsia: la amnesia epiléptica transitoria. A propósito de un caso

Perlado

Diaz-Guardamino

Rivas

2014

Rev. Asoc. Esp. Neuropsiq.

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RESUMEN: Introducción: Muchos pacientes epilép-ticos refieren problemas mnésicos. Encontramos un grupo de pacientes que presentan episodios amnési-cos de repetición y problemas en la memoria autobiográfica. Este cuadro clínico ha sido definido como "amnesia epiléptica transitoria". Tras revisar la literatura, describimos las características de esta entidad nosológica con detalle. Caso clínico: Informamos de un caso de amnesia epiléptica transitoria en un varón de 58 años, con un diagnóstico previo de epilepsia y cuadro afectivo, que presenta episodios recurrentes y transitorios de amnesia mostrando el resto de sus funciones cognitivas preservadas. Durante los ataques se describen automatismos oro-alimentarios, breves ataques de estupor sin pérdida de consciencia ni desconexión con el medio. Conclusiones: La amnesia epiléptica transitoria es un subtipo de epilepsia del lóbulo temporal bien definido pero infradiagnosticado. En casos de pacientes que refieren únicamente problemas de memoria, sobre todo si son episodios de amnesia breves y recurrentes, y en aquéllos pacientes que refieran deficiencias en la memoria remota, la amnesia epiléptica transitoria debe ser considerada como una opción diagnósti-ca seria. El tratamiento con fármacos anticomiciales produce muy buenos resultados.

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Recovery of Long-Term Anterograde Amnesia, but Not Retrograde Amnesia, after Initiation of an Anti-Epileptic Drug in a Case of Transient Epileptic Amnesia

Cited by 36 publications

References 9 publications

The GABAB receptor agonist, baclofen, contributes to three distinct varieties of amnesia in the human brain – A detailed case report

The GABAB receptor agonist, baclofen, contributes to three distinct varieties of amnesia in the human brain – A detailed case report

When “long-term memory” no longer means “forever”: Analysis of accelerated long-term forgetting in a patient with temporal lobe epilepsy

Neuropsiquiatría clínica de la epilepsia: la amnesia epiléptica transitoria. A propósito de un caso

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