Recovery of Nonwetting Characteristics by Surface Modification of Gallium-Based Liquid Metal Droplets Using Hydrochloric Acid Vapor

Kim, Dae-Young; Thissen, Peter; Viner, Gloria; Lee, Dong-Weon; Choi, Wonjae; Chabal, Yves J.; Lee, Jeong

doi:10.1021/am302357t

Cited by 254 publications

(269 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…2a), which is in line with reported values of 120-140°in literature 28 . The phenomenological parameter g is a measure of the force between the Galinstan and the PDMS surface, and w and h are the width and height of the junction channel, respectively.…”

Section: Selection Of Liquidssupporting

confidence: 93%

Highly deformable liquid-state heterojunction sensors

Ota¹,

Chen²,

Lin³

et al. 2014

Nat Commun

235

221

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Mechanically deformable devices and sensors enable conformal coverage of electronic systems on curved and soft surfaces. Sensors utilizing liquids confined in soft templates as the sensing component present the ideal platform for such applications, as liquids are inherently more deformable than solids. However, to date, liquid-based devices have been limited to metal lines based on a single-liquid component given the difficulty in the fabrication of liquidbased junctions due to intermixing. Here, we demonstrate a robust platform for the fabrication of liquid-liquid 'heterojunction' devices, presenting an important advancement towards the realization of liquid-state electronic systems. The device architecture and fabrication scheme we present are generic for different sensing liquids, enabling demonstration of sensors responsive to different stimuli. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate temperature, humidity and oxygen sensors by using different ionic liquids, exhibiting high sensitivity with excellent mechanical deformability arising from the inherent property of the liquid phase.

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Section: Selection Of Liquidssupporting

confidence: 93%

Highly deformable liquid-state heterojunction sensors

Ota¹,

Chen²,

Lin³

et al. 2014

Nat Commun

235

221

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show abstract

“…The oxide layer of the gallium alloys can be reduced by treatment with acid or base, and the bare liquid metal inside the oxide layer can wet the surfaces of certain solid metal materials. 35,36 Contact angle measurements of a GaInSn droplet before and after treatment with NaOH on PDMS and an Au-coated surface are shown in Figures 2a-d. The contact angle was the same on PDMS after treatment with NaOH, whereas it dramatically decreased from 130°to 27°on Au films deposited on glass or PDMS substrates.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A skin-attachable, stretchable integrated system based on liquid GaInSn for wireless human motion monitoring with multi-site sensing capabilities

et al. 2017

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This paper introduces a liquid-metal integrated system that combines soft electronics materials and engineering designs with advanced near-field-communication (NFC) functionality for human motion sensing. All of the active components, that is, strain sensor, antenna and interconnections, in this device are made of liquid metal, and the device has unique gel-like characteristics and stretchability. Patterning procedures based on selective wetting properties of the reduced GaInSn enable a skin-attachable, miniaturized layout, in which the diameter of the device is less than 2 cm. Electromechanical characterization of the strain sensor and antenna reveals their behaviors under large uniaxial tensile and compressive strains, as well as more complex modes of deformation. Demonstrations of these devices involve their use in monitoring various human motions in a purely wireless fashion; examples include wrist flexion, movements of the vocal cord and finger motion. This simple platform has potential for use in human-machine interfaces for prosthetic control and other applications. NPG Asia Materials (2017) 9, e443; doi:10.1038/am.2017.189; published online 27 October 2017 INTRODUCTION Skin-mounted, deformable devices capable of sensing various signals such as strain, pressure and temperature can be used in a variety of applications ranging from health monitoring systems and personal diagnostics to human-machine interfaces. 1 Advanced concepts in stretchable materials and mechanics principles form the basis for devices that can gently laminate onto the soft and curvilinear surfaces of human skin or conformally wrap onto internal organs of the body. 2-5 Gallium-based liquid metals are highly suitable candidates for such applications due to their unlimited deformability while maintaining excellent metallic conductivity. The use of gallium-based liquid-metal alloys confined in elastomeric enclosures provides intrinsically stretchable properties that maintain bulk electrical conductivity with high stretchability. 6 Additionally, unlike mercury, gallium is safe to use in ambient environment due to its low vapor pressure. 7,8 By taking full advantage of the deformability and nontoxicity of the liquid metal, many research groups have utilized liquid metal for wearable

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“…As Ga and its alloys can form a self-limiting oxide skin in the metal-air interface [20,79,80], the oxide layer can be seen as a naturally formed 2D material. Based on the thermodynamic considerations, the composition of the oxide layer depends on the Gibbs free energy of the reactive metal ( Figure 20(a)).…”

Section: High Chemical Reactivity and Its Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress on liquid metals and their applications

Ren

et al. 2018

Advances in Physics: X

111

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Gallium-based liquid metals show excellent thermal and electrical conductivities with low viscosity and non-toxicity. Their melting points are either lower than or close to room temperature, which endows them with additional advantages in comparison to the solid metals; for example, they are flexible, stretchable and reformable at room temperature. Recently, great improvements have been achieved in developing multifunctional devices by using Ga-based liquid metals, including actuators, flexible circuits, bio-devices and self-healing superconductors. Here, we review recent research progress on Gallium-based liquid metals, especially on the applications aspects. These applications are mainly based on the unique properties of liquid metals, including low melting point, flexible and stretchable mechanical properties, excellent electrical and thermal conductivities and biocompatibility.

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Recovery of Nonwetting Characteristics by Surface Modification of Gallium-Based Liquid Metal Droplets Using Hydrochloric Acid Vapor

Cited by 254 publications

References 24 publications

Highly deformable liquid-state heterojunction sensors

Highly deformable liquid-state heterojunction sensors

A skin-attachable, stretchable integrated system based on liquid GaInSn for wireless human motion monitoring with multi-site sensing capabilities

Recent progress on liquid metals and their applications

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