Recovery of Olfactory Function Following Closed Head Injury or Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract

Reden, Jens; Mueller, Antje; Mueller, Christian A.; Konstantinidis, Iordanis; Frasnelli, Johannes; Landis, Basile Nicolas; Hummel, Thomas

doi:10.1001/archotol.132.3.265

Cited by 224 publications

(220 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…phantosmia) disorders where noticed. As a time lapse of more than the usually accepted 2 years for recovery had elapsed we gave extensive counseling to the patient but did not schedule a follow-up [10].…”

Section: Casementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the character and the prognosis of olfactory disorders after HME remain largely unexplored. Since the olfactory epithelium holds the lifelong capacity of regeneration [8] and recovery rates in olfactory disorders of other origins have been shown to be far better than previously thought [9,10], we studied olfactory function in HME patients over a longer period of time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Olfactory dysfunction following herpetic meningoencephalitis

2009

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Herpetic meningoencephalitis (HME) is a rare but often lethal herpes simplex infection. Patients who survive generally retain neurological deficits. The literature consists mostly of autopsy reports and consistently shows the peripheral and central olfactory pathways to be severely damaged. Little information is available on degree and recovery of olfactory impairment following HME. In this retrospective case series, three patients (two women, one man) who had survived HME were tested with standardized olfactory tests (Sniffin' Sticks) and were followed up more than 3 years after the infectious episode. Initially, all patients showed bilateral functional anosmia and no patient recovered normal olfactory function. Despite total smell loss, various patterns of olfactory deficits were found, with one patient having difficulty identifying odors despite present odor detection thresholds, and two patients lacking odor threshold detection ability. In conclusion, the present findings show that olfactory function is often permanently damaged in patients who have had HME. Lesions lead to various patterns of olfactory loss. Together with histological and clinical data from the literature this suggests further that the olfactory pathway plays a major role in the spread of herpetic meningoencephalitis. It also raises the question whether the olfactory epithelium serves as an entry into the brain for other pathogens.

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Section: Casementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory dysfunction following herpetic meningoencephalitis

2009

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“…Most clinical literature on olfactory disorders is focused on measurable dysfunction such as anosmia and hyposmia [6] ; today, reliable data on the frequency, origins and spontaneous recovery rates of quantitative smell disorders exist [7,8] . The clinical knowledge of qualitative olfactory disorders is a little different.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Idiopathic Phantosmia: Outcome and Clinical Significance

Landis¹,

Reden²,

Haehner³

2010

ORL

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Background/Aim: Little is known about the clinical significance of phantosmia. The literature on phantosmia indicates that this symptom has a wide range of differential diagnoses. However, most cases of phantosmia remain of unknown origin. Our goal was to follow up patients with idiopathic phantosmia, with special regard to improvement rates and possible severe health conditions preceded by phantosmia of unknown origin. Methods: Forty-four patients with idiopathic phantosmia which had consulted our Ear-Nose-Throat Smell and Taste Clinic over the last 10 years were contacted by telephone and underwent a structured medical interview. Results: None of the patients had developed any severe health condition or Parkinson’s disease. More than 5 years after the occurrence of phantosmia, more than 50% of the patients experienced disappearance (31.8%) or improvement (25%). In the remaining cases, phantosmia did not change (38.7%) or became worse (<5%). Conclusion: The main findings of the present study were that idiopathic phantosmia improves or disappears in almost two thirds of the patients after more than 5 years, and that idiopathic phantosmia seems to be more likely a harmless symptom rather than a reliable predictor of early Parkinson’s disease or other severe diseases.

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“…Sinonasal disease, upper respiratory tract infection and head trauma still seem to be the main aetiology for olfactory disorders [3,4]. Diagnostic of olfactory disorders using standardized test battery [5,6], olfactory evoked potentials [7,8] and MRI [9] gain in importance but the therapeutic options available in the treatment of olfactory disorders are still disappointing [2], whereas medical or operative treatment of nasal obstruction is well demonstrated in literature [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Laser Treatment on Olfactory Dysfunction

Göktas

Lau

Fleiner

2011

Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg

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Olfactory disorders are not rare and affect quality of life in patients. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the outcomes of an outpatient-based diode laser inferior turbinate reduction (ITR) in otherwise therapyrefractory olfactory disorder. In a prospective clinical investigation, 20 patients (7 male, 13 female, mean age 53.2 ± 15.34) with olfactory disorder and 10 patients (8 male, 2 female, mean age 52.5 ± 17.55) without olfactory disorder underwent ITR under videoendoscopic control with a continuous diode laser in ''contact'' mode after topical anesthetic preparation. Treatment efficiency was assessed before and 2 months after surgery. Subjective nasal airflow (NA) and the olfactory function were rated by means of visual analogue scales (VAS). Olfactory function was assessed using the ''Sniffin' Sticks'' test battery. VAS showed very low median values for intraoperative pain (0) [0-1.20] and high postoperative patient satisfaction (8) [5][6][7][8][9]. After 2 months there was no significant improvement of objective olfactory function as measured by the TDI score (threshold, discrimination and identification). The VAS displayed a slight significant improvement in the group of patients with olfactory disorder from 2.95 to 3.65 (P = 0.04). After 2 months, NA data revealed a statistically significant improvement of subjective VAS from 5.05 to 6.25 (P \ 0.0005) and of objective NA from 353.77 to 443.50 (P = 0.007) as measured by rhinomanometry in both groups. Outpatient diode laser ITR represents an effective option providing recovery by NA improvement but not a significant improvement of the olfactory function.

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Recovery of Olfactory Function Following Closed Head Injury or Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract

Abstract: To investigate the outcome of olfactory function in patients with olfactory loss following infections of the upper respiratory tract (post-URTI) or head trauma.

Cited by 224 publications

References 32 publications

Olfactory dysfunction following herpetic meningoencephalitis

Olfactory dysfunction following herpetic meningoencephalitis

Idiopathic Phantosmia: Outcome and Clinical Significance

Effect of Laser Treatment on Olfactory Dysfunction

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