Recovery of Organic Insecticides from Sprayed and Dusted Crops1

Ginsburg, Joseph M.; Filmer, Robert; Reed, J. P.

doi:10.1093/jee/45.3.428

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Pyrethrum was also effective (Brannon, 1949). The most effective insecticide, and the only one with an observed ovicidal action is parathion (Norton & Dewey, 1950), although the newer malathion has been reported to give good control (Ginsburg, Filmer & Eeed, 1952). The standard recommendation of the United States Department of Agriculture is, at the time of writing, cryolite and rotenone for E. varivestis on beans.…”

Section: Results Of Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insecticide Studies on East African Agricultural Pests. I.—Epilachna hirta (Thnb.). II.—Cylas puncticollis Boh

Walker

1957

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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SummaryResults are given of laboratory trials of insecticides, carried out in Kenya, against two pests of agricultural crops in East Africa. Against Epilachna hirta (Thnb.) (Col., COCCINELLIDAE), the adults and larvae of which feed on the foliage of wheat and other crops, dusts containing 0·5 or 2 per cent, parathion, applied at rates to give 0·74 to 2·97 mg. active ingredient per sq. ft., were the most rapidly effective against the adults. A 5 per cent. DDT dust, at rates giving 0·36 to 5·82 mg. technical DDT per sq. ft., was less rapid in action but produced very good results by the end of three days. A proprietary BHC dust, used at rates giving deposits of from 0·23 to 1·04 mg. γ isomer per sq. ft., was less effective and, at the highest rate used, only reached 100 per cent, mortality after eight days.Several insecticides were tested in emulsified solutions against Cylas puncticollis Boh. (Col., CURCULIONIDAE), one of the important sweet-potato weevils of East Africa. All the insecticides were applied at concentrations of 0·02, 0·1 and 0·5 per cent, active ingredient, and at a deposit rate of 0·813 mg. of spray per sq. cm. DDT was the most effective after 18 hours, but γ BHC was only slightly inferior.

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Section: Results Of Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insecticide Studies on East African Agricultural Pests. I.—Epilachna hirta (Thnb.). II.—Cylas puncticollis Boh

Walker

1957

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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“…insects is possible with insecticide treatments which leave no more than 1 or 2 p.p.m. of residue at harvest (2,10,12,13,21). While these low' residues w'ere believed not to affect the health of the dairy cattle or to produce detectable off-flavors and odors or residues in milk, the lack of exact data had prevented the recommendation of many of the new' organic insecticides for use on forages.…”

Section: Effects Of Feedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insecticide Residues in Milk, Effects of Feeding Low Levels of Insecticide Residues on Hay to Dairy Cattle on Flavor and Residues in Milk

Gyrisco¹,

Norton²,

Trimberger³

et al. 1959

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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only are the toxicities of the allylic halides related to their reactivities, but also those of the saturated halide, n-butyl bromide, and the two «-substituted halides, chloroacetonitrile and1^ethyl chloroacetate.A similar plot can be obtained with the eggs of this insect, which suggests that the mode of action of these halides is the same with the two different stages in the life cycle of the oriental fruit fly and also with the two different organisms. AcknowledgmentThe author is indebted to George F. Liebig, who assisted in the design of some of the equipment, and to Betty A. Kennedy and Patricia S. Clements, who gathered many of the reported experimental data. Thanks are expressed to General Aniline and Film Corp. for the propargyl chloride and bromide and to Shell Chemical Corp. for the 2,3-dichloro-1-propene.

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Pesticide persistence on foliage

Willis

McDowell

1987

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

114

115

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Background: Foliage residue decline data are used to re ne the risk assessment for herbivorous birds and mammals foraging in elds treated with plant protection products. For evaluation, current EFSA guidance has a clear focus on single-rst order (SFO) kinetic models. However, other kinetic models are well established in other areas of environmental risk evaluations (eg, soil residue assessment), and easyto-use calculation tools have become available now. We provide case studies with 6 fungicides how such evaluations can be conducted with two of these tools (KinGUII and TREC) that have been developed by Bayer. Results: SFO kinetics provided the best ts only for 13 of 36 residue decline studies conducted in a standardized design under eld conditions. Biphasic models (double rst order in parallel, hockey stick) were often superior and sometimes more conservative for risk assessment. The additional effort is manageable when using software such as KinGUII and TREC, and appears justi ed by the more reliable outcome of the evaluations. Conclusions: Further research would be useful to better assess the extent to which non-SFO better ts foliage residue decline, but our study suggests that it may be a signi cant proportion. Therefore we encourage the use of biphasic models in the regulatory risk assessment for herbivorous birds and mammals, in the ongoing revision of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) guidance document from 2009.

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Recovery of Organic Insecticides from Sprayed and Dusted Crops1

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Insecticide Studies on East African Agricultural Pests. I.—Epilachna hirta (Thnb.). II.—Cylas puncticollis Boh

Insecticide Studies on East African Agricultural Pests. I.—Epilachna hirta (Thnb.). II.—Cylas puncticollis Boh

Insecticide Residues in Milk, Effects of Feeding Low Levels of Insecticide Residues on Hay to Dairy Cattle on Flavor and Residues in Milk

Pesticide persistence on foliage

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