Recovery of platinum group metals from spent catalysts: A review

Dong, Haigang; Zhao, Jiachun; Chen, Jialin; Wu, Yue-Dong; Li, Bojie

doi:10.1016/j.minpro.2015.06.009

Cited by 312 publications

(181 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…A sample calculation in a brochure from TRICAT, Inc. [53] sheds some light on the cost of precious metals recovery, reporting a reclamation cost of $1.25/lb, a preprocessing cost of $0.60/lb of catalyst, and a precious metal recovery of [96 %. Reclamation costs need to be vetted for specific catalysts, and it is understood that reclamation processes will need to be specific to the catalyst type [54]. In our model, we assumed a 65 % cost recovery for the precious metal catalyst used in fixed bed reactor #2 and a no cost recovery for the low-cost catalyst in fixed bed reactor #1.…”

Section: Catalyst Maintenance and Metal Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual Process Design and Techno-Economic Assessment of Ex Situ Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass: A Fixed Bed Reactor Implementation Scenario for Future Feasibility

Dutta

Schaidle

Humbird³

et al. 2015

Top Catal

103

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Ex situ catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass is a promising route for the production of fungible liquid biofuels. There is significant ongoing research on the design and development of catalysts for this process. However, there are a limited number of studies investigating process configurations and their effects on biorefinery economics. Herein we present a conceptual process design with techno-economic assessment; it includes the production of upgraded bio-oil via fixed bed ex situ catalytic fast pyrolysis followed by final hydroprocessing to hydrocarbon fuel blendstocks. This study builds upon previous work using fluidized bed systems, as detailed in a recent design report led by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL/ TP-5100-62455); overall yields are assumed to be similar, and are based on enabling future feasibility. Assuming similar yields provides a basis for easy comparison and for studying the impacts of areas of focus in this study, namely, fixed bed reactor configurations and their catalyst development requirements, and the impacts of an inline hot gas filter. A comparison with the fluidized bed system shows that there is potential for higher capital costs and lower catalyst costs in the fixed bed system, leading to comparable overall costs. The key catalyst requirement is to enable the effective transformation of highly oxygenated biomass into hydrocarbons products with properties suitable for blending into current fuels. Potential catalyst materials are discussed, along with their suitability for deoxygenation, hydrogenation and C-C coupling chemistry. This chemistry is necessary during pyrolysis vapor upgrading for improved bio-oil quality, which enables efficient downstream hydroprocessing; C-C coupling helps increase the proportion of diesel/jet fuel range product. One potential benefit of fixed bed upgrading over fluidized bed upgrading is catalyst flexibility, providing greater control over chemistry and product composition. Since this study is based on future projections, the impacts of uncertainties in the underlying assumptions are quantified via sensitivity analysis. This analysis indicates that catalyst researchers should prioritize by: carbon efficiency [ catalyst cost [ catalyst lifetime, after initially testing for basic operational feasibility.

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Section: Catalyst Maintenance and Metal Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual Process Design and Techno-Economic Assessment of Ex Situ Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass: A Fixed Bed Reactor Implementation Scenario for Future Feasibility

Dutta

Schaidle

Humbird³

et al. 2015

Top Catal

103

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“…The recovery of PGM can be achieved using several different methods [4,5]. The pyrometallurgical method is mainly limited to PGM pre-concentration [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic studies of the removal of Pt(IV) chloride complex ions from acidic aqueous solutions using activated carbon

Wojnicki

Socha

Fitzner

2017

Reac Kinet Mech Cat

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In this paper, results showing the possibility of activated carbon application in platinum recovery from aqueous solution are presented. The studies were performed with the commercially available activated carbon, and the results can be easily transferred directly to the industry. The influence of pH, mixing rate, and amount of activated carbon as well as platinum(IV) initial concentration on the rate of adsorption was investigated. It was shown that after adsorption platinum is present on the surface of activated carbon in two oxidation states, ?2 and ?4, where shares of those forms are equal to 47 and 53%. Moreover, the enthalpy and entropy of activation were determined and are equal to 16.14 ± 075 kJ mol -1 and 42.19 ± 0.28 J mol -1 K -1 .

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“…The recoverability of noble metals from slag is, for example, the subject of several papers. [6][7][8] Noble metals can also be obtained from slag using chemical-based methods (e.g., leaching). The basis for this is the change of a given phase to the liquid phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-temperature processing and recovery of autocatalysts

Čarnogurská¹,

Příhoda²,

Lázár³

et al. 2018

Mater. Tehnol.

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This paper presents the results from an experimental study of the thermal method applied for obtaining platinum-group metals (PGMs) by melting used autocatalysts in an 80 kVA plasma reactor, using suitable fluxes and a reducing agent. As the collector of noble metals, grey cast iron was used during the melting. The melt products were the alloy, inert vitrified slag, syngas and fly ash. In the alloy, when melting the catalyser based on cordierite, there was 99.27 % PGMs and 99.00 % in the case of Cr/Ni-strip catalysts. The loss of PGMs in the slag during the melting of cordierite catalysts was 0.34 % and for Cr/Ni catalysts, it was 0.26 %. A chemical analysis of the ash confirmed that in addition to the mechanically removed CaO, SiO2, MgO, Al2O3, it also contained condensed vapours of Fe+PGMs. During the melting of the cordierite catalyst, the ash contained 0.40 % of the refined metals, while 0.74 % was the figure for the Cr/Ni-strip catalyst. The synthesis gas from the process had a very low heating value (0.16 MJ m -3 or 0.24 MJ m -3 ). Keywords: waste, catalyser, platinum-group metals, plasma technology V tem~lanku avtorji predstavljajo rezultate eksperimentalnih raziskav termi~nega postopka pridobivanja kovin platinske skupine (PGM, angl.: Platinum Group Metals) s taljenjem izrabljenih avtomobilskih katalizatorjev v 80 kVA plazemskem reaktorju z uporabo primernih talil in redukcijskega sredstva. Kot zbiralnik plemenitih kovin je bila med taljenjem uporabljena siva litina. Produkti taljenja so zlitina, inertna steklasta`lindra, sintezni plin in pepel. V zlitini je bilo pri taljenju katalizatorja na osnovi kordierita koncentriranih 99,27 % PGM, pri katalizatorjih s Cr/Ni trakom pa 99,00%. Pri taljenju kordieritnih katalizatorjev se je v`lindri izgubilo 0,34 % PGM, pri Cr/Ni katalizatorjih pa 0,26 %. Kemijska analiza pepela je potrdila, da poleg mehansko pridobljenih oksidov CaO, SiO2, MgO, Al2O3, le-ta vsebuje tudi kondenzirane pare Fe in PGM. V pepelu se je pri taljenju katalizatorja na osnovi kordierita nahajalo 0,40 % plemenitih kovin, pri katalizatorju s Cr/Ni trakom pa 0,74 %. Sintezni plin iz procesa taljenja je imel zelo nizko kurilno (kalori~no) vrednost (0,16 MJ m -3 oz. 0,24 MJ m -3 ).

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Recovery of platinum group metals from spent catalysts: A review

Cited by 312 publications

References 18 publications

Conceptual Process Design and Techno-Economic Assessment of Ex Situ Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass: A Fixed Bed Reactor Implementation Scenario for Future Feasibility

Conceptual Process Design and Techno-Economic Assessment of Ex Situ Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass: A Fixed Bed Reactor Implementation Scenario for Future Feasibility

Kinetic studies of the removal of Pt(IV) chloride complex ions from acidic aqueous solutions using activated carbon

High-temperature processing and recovery of autocatalysts

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