Recovery of platinum group metals from spent automotive converters by leaching with organic and inorganic acids and extraction with quaternary phosphonium salts

Wiecka, Zuzanna; Rzelewska-Piekut, Martyna; Regel‐Rosocka, Magdalena

doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119933

Cited by 50 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…These ILs have a higher affinity towards Pt, Fe, and Zn, which likely form anionic chloro-complexes in the chloride media, while they have a low affinity for La, Mg, and Al which are bare cations. A similar extraction selectivity of ILs to these metals from SAC leaching solutions was reported in the literature [20][21][22][23]. Therefore, it was indicated that the leaching selectivity for ILs observed in Figure 1 followed the affinity of the leached metals for ILs.…”

Section: Direct Leaching Of a Spent Automotive Catalyst By Ilssupporting

confidence: 85%

Effect of Hydrophobicity of Ionic Liquids on the Leaching Selectivity of Platinum from a Spent Automotive Catalyst

HANADA,

TAKAOKA,

KAMISONO

et al. 2023

SERDJ

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Recycling platinum group metals from secondary resources such as spent automotive exhaust catalysts is promising for the circular economy. However, the selective separation of Pt over massive amounts of impurity metals such as Mg and Al is particularly challenging. In this study, non-aqueous direct leaching of platinum from a spent automotive catalyst (SAC) using hydrophobic ionic liquids, namely, trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium chloride (P 66614 Cl) and trioctyl(dodecyl)phosphonium chloride (P 88812 Cl) with the aid of pre-loading hydrochloric acid/hydrogen peroxide was proposed. The more hydrophobic P 88812 Cl exhibited more efficient and selective leaching of Pt over Mg and Al. The recovery of Pt from the metal-loaded P 88812 Cl, and the reusability of the IL for SAC leaching were also demonstrated.

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Section: Direct Leaching Of a Spent Automotive Catalyst By Ilssupporting

confidence: 85%

Effect of Hydrophobicity of Ionic Liquids on the Leaching Selectivity of Platinum from a Spent Automotive Catalyst

HANADA,

TAKAOKA,

KAMISONO

et al. 2023

SERDJ

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“…As a result, the demand for these metals is growing, while their natural sources are increasingly limited. An alternative may be the recovery of metals from secondary resources, including spent chemical and petrochemical catalysts [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the Formation of Catalytically Active PGM Nanoparticles from Model Solutions as a Basis for the Recycling of Spent Catalysts

2022

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The paper presents basic studies on the precipitation of platinum, palladium, rhodium, and ruthenium nanoparticles from model acidic solutions using sodium borohydride, ascorbic acid, and sodium formate as reducing agents and polyvinylpyrrolidone as a stabilizing agent. The size of the obtained PGM particles after precipitation with NaBH4 solution does not exceed 55 nm. NaBH4 is an efficient reducer; the precipitation yields for Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh are 75, 90, 65 and 85%, respectively. By precipitation with ascorbic acid, it is possible to efficiently separate Pt, Rh, and Ru from Pd from the two-component mixtures. The obtained Pt, Pd, and Rh precipitates have the catalytic ability of the catalytic reaction of p-nitrophenol to p-aminophenol. The morphological characteristic of the PGM precipitates was analyzed by AFM, SEM-EDS, and TEM.

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“…One of the main advantages of this process is that it uses only one extractant ([A336][I]) and the separation is achieved by selective stripping. Usually, the processes carried out for the separation of PGMs at academic and industrial level use at least one extractant per metal to be refined. , A scrubbing step with NaCl was necessary to remove the coextracted impurities (i.e., Fe(III), Al(III), Mg(II), and Sn(II)). The stripping of Pd(II) was carried out with an NH 3,aq solution containing NaCl because the addition of NaCl increased the difference in density between both phases, which improved the phase disengagement and avoided phase inversion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent patent literature shows that research has been done in the exploration of new solvent-extraction mixtures for refining of PGMs . Academic research groups have also made progress on proposing new leaching routes, mainly focusing on the use of reactive extraction, ultrasound, solvometallurgy, and ionic liquids. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refining of Palladium, Platinum, and Rhodium from a Pregnant Leach Solution of Spent Automotive Catalysts by Continuous Counter-Current Solvent Extraction with Ionic Liquids in Mixer-Settlers

Nguyen

Binnemans

Riaño

2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Assessment of solvent extraction in continuous mode is crucial to determine the feasibility of upscaling the processes. At the moment, limited information is publicly available on how to operate counter-current solventextraction equipment and how to tackle problems that may emerge during the use of these contactors with real feeds. In this work, the performance of a solventextraction process in mixer-settlers is evaluated. The extractant Aliquat 336 iodide was synthesized in mixer-settlers by contacting the commercially available Aliquat 336 diluted in p-cymene with an aqueous solution of potassium iodide in a counter-current mode. Next, palladium(II) and platinum(IV) were extracted by Aliquat 336 iodide from a highly impure pregnant leach solution of spent automotive catalysts. Selective stripping was achieved with solutions of aqueous ammonia and thiourea. In total, 12 L of pregnant leach solution from spent automotive catalysts was processed in mixer-settlers using two stages for the extraction of palladium(II) and platinum(IV) and four stages for each stripping step. The chosen organic to aqueous (O/A) ratios allowed to enrich the solutions of palladium and platinum up to 6 and 2.5 times, respectively, whereas rhodium remained in the raffinate. The output solutions obtained during solvent extraction were further treated downstream to produce highly pure (>99%) platinum group metal (PGM) nitrate solutions. The main challenges of running a solvent-extraction process using ionic liquids at a minipilot scale are critically discussed.

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Recovery of platinum group metals from spent automotive converters by leaching with organic and inorganic acids and extraction with quaternary phosphonium salts

Cited by 50 publications

References 44 publications

Effect of Hydrophobicity of Ionic Liquids on the Leaching Selectivity of Platinum from a Spent Automotive Catalyst

Effect of Hydrophobicity of Ionic Liquids on the Leaching Selectivity of Platinum from a Spent Automotive Catalyst

Studies on the Formation of Catalytically Active PGM Nanoparticles from Model Solutions as a Basis for the Recycling of Spent Catalysts

Refining of Palladium, Platinum, and Rhodium from a Pregnant Leach Solution of Spent Automotive Catalysts by Continuous Counter-Current Solvent Extraction with Ionic Liquids in Mixer-Settlers

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