Recruitment of native parasitoids by an exotic leaf miner,<i>Cameraria ohridella</i>: host‐parasitoid synchronization and influence of the environment

Girardoz, S.; Kenis, Marc; Quicke, Donald L. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1461-9555.2006.00281.x

Cited by 51 publications

(65 citation statements)

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“…In this survey, maximum parasitism rates of little more than 30% have been observed only occasionally and our study's average parasitism rate of 6.2% corresponds to previously recorded parasitism rates of C. ohridella (Freise et al 2002;Girardoz et al 2006;Grabenweger and Lethmayer 1999;Volter and Kenis 2006). Other introduced leafminers tend to be more heavily parasitized by native parasitoids than C. ohridella.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Temporal and spatial variations in the parasitoid complex of the horse chestnut leafminer during its invasion of Europe

et al. 2010

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The enemy release hypothesis posits that the initial success of invasive species depends on the scarcity and poor adaptation of native natural enemies such as predators and parasitoids. As for parasitoids, invading hosts are first attacked at low rates by a species-poor complex of mainly generalist species. Over the years, however, parasitoid richness may increase either because the invading host continuously encounters new parasitoid species during its spread (geographic spread-hypothesis) or because local parasitoids need different periods of time to adapt to the novel host (adjustment-hypothesis). Both scenarios should result in a continuous increase of parasitoid richness over time. In this study, we reconstructed the development of the hymenopteran parasitoid complex of the invasive leafminer Cameraria ohridella (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae). Our results show that the overall parasitism rate increases as a function of host residence time as well as geographic and climatic factors, altogether reflecting the historic spread of Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article contains supplementary material

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Temporal and spatial variations in the parasitoid complex of the horse chestnut leafminer during its invasion of Europe

et al. 2010

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“…This univoltine species is one of the few European leaf miner species whose larvae occur very early in the year and are well synchronized with the presence of adult parasitoids emerging from overwintering mines of C. ohridella (Bale 1981;Girardoz et al 2006). In addition, O. fagi is known to be attacked by the main parasitoids of C. ohridella, i.e., Minotetrastichus frontalis Nees, Chrysocharis nephereus Walker, Closterocerus trifasciatus Westwood, Pnigalio agraules Walker and Colastes braconius Haliday (Noyes 2002;Yu et al 2005;Girardoz et al 2006). Thus, O. fagi would be the best target for studies into the mechanisms of apparent competition mediated by C. ohridella.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has two to four generations per year, a rather high fecundity and low parasitism and predation rates, which allows it to build and maintain high outbreak densities throughout the continent (Girardoz et al 2007a, b). Nevertheless, it shares over twenty species of parasitoids with native leaf miners (Grabenweger and Lethmayer 1999;Grabenweger 2003;Girardoz et al 2006) and, despite low parasitism rates, populations of C. ohridella are so high that an unusually large number of polyphagous parasitoids are produced around infested trees, at each generation of the moth. Cameraria ohridella may also increase the local abundance of predators, such as birds, bush-crickets, ants and lacewings (Grabenweger et al 2005b;Girardoz et al 2007a, b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This enhanced production of parasitoids and, perhaps, predators, has the potential to significantly affect populations of native leaf miners living in the surroundings on other host plants. This effect may be particularly important in spring because the bulk of the parasitoids emerge from dead horse-chestnut leaves at least 5 weeks before suitable C. ohridella larvae or pupae are available (Grabenweger 2004;Girardoz et al 2006) and thus are likely to attack the native leaf miners, which occur early in the season. The effect on leaf miner species occurring at the same time as C. ohridella is less predictable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Species richness and abundance of native leaf miners are affected by the presence of the invasive horse-chestnut leaf miner

et al. 2009

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The effect of the alien horse-chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella, on native fauna was studied by comparing the species richness of native leaf miner communities and the abundance of selected native leaf miner species in the presence and absence of horse-chestnut trees infested by C. ohridella, in various environments in Europe. The species richness of native leaf miner communities in Switzerland was lower at sites where C. ohridella was present than at control sites. In Switzerland, France and Bulgaria, several native leaf miner species were significantly less abundant in the vicinity of infested horse-chestnuts. The native species most affected by the presence of the invasive alien species were those occurring early in the year and sharing their parasitoid complex with C. ohridella. These results suggest apparent competition mediated by shared natural enemies because these are the only link between C. ohridella and native leaf miners using other food resources.

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“…Parasitism of first generation C. ohridella must therefore come from one of two possible sources: Firstly, old and/or lateemerging specimens of the overwintering generation of parasitoids initiate parasitism of C. ohridella in spring, as suggested by Girardoz et al (2006). Secondly, the parasitoids are polyphagous and use alternative hosts in the surrounding vegetation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of poor host-parasitoid synchronisation on the parasitism of Cameraria ohridella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)

Grabenweger¹,

Hopp²,

Jäckel³

et al. 2007

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. Poor synchronisation is considered to be one important reason for the ineffective control of the invasive horse chestnut leafminer by native parasitic Hymenoptera. Parasitoids hibernating in dry horse chestnut leaves break diapause early in spring and presumably leave the vicinity, since no hosts are available when they emerge. As a consequence, the percentage parasitism of the first generation of the leafminer in early summer is low. The experiments presented below were designed to test this hypothesis. Horse chestnut saplings were brought on in a greenhouse and infested artificially with C. ohridella prior to parasitoid emergence in the field. These saplings were then exposed to parasitoid attack under natural conditions to eliminate the synchronisation problem. In addition, the parasitoid complexes of other leafmining hosts, which appear early in the season, were analysed. The results confirm that the most important parasitoids of the horse chestnut leafminer are active early in the season, long before the larvae of the first generation of the host are present. Nevertheless, poor synchronisation with the invasive host did not significantly influence the abundance of the most important parasitoid in the complex, Minotetrastichus frontalis, and consequently had no impact on the parasitism of C. ohridella. Nevertheless, a detailed analysis of the parasitoid community shows that certain species are affected by poor synchronisation, while others are probably limited by ecological parameters, such as a specialisation to foraging in particular strata of vegetation. Several leafmining flies were found early in spring infesting other host plants commonly planted in urban green areas, including species with a parasitoid complex similar to that of C. ohridella. The role of these alternative hosts in the food web associated with the horse chestnut leafminer should be subject to further study.

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Recruitment of native parasitoids by an exotic leaf miner,Cameraria ohridella: host‐parasitoid synchronization and influence of the environment

Cited by 51 publications

References 14 publications

Temporal and spatial variations in the parasitoid complex of the horse chestnut leafminer during its invasion of Europe

Temporal and spatial variations in the parasitoid complex of the horse chestnut leafminer during its invasion of Europe

Species richness and abundance of native leaf miners are affected by the presence of the invasive horse-chestnut leaf miner

Impact of poor host-parasitoid synchronisation on the parasitism of Cameraria ohridella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)

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