Recurrence of Herpetic Keratitis after COVID-19 Vaccination: A Report of Two Cases

Fard, Ali; Desilets, Jeffrey; Patel, Sangita P

doi:10.1155/2022/7094893

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 10 publications

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“…Long-term use of systemic immunosuppressants for treating autoimmune disorders like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), lymphoproliferative diseases; and prophylaxis of organ transplant rejection, increases the likelihood of HSV recurrence/reactivation[ 256 - 259 ]. In certain individuals, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination triggers a cascade of autoimmune responses that can reactivate herpetic keratitis[ 260 , 261 ]. There were some reported incidences of reactivated herpetic keratitis following the reception of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines; patients' immune status before vaccination was not specified[ 262 - 266 ]; one patient had prior PKP surgery owing to HSK scarring[ 263 ].…”

Section: Recurrent Herpes Simplex Keratitis: Clinical Features and Pr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Herpes simplex keratitis: A brief clinical overview

Musa,

Enaholo,

Aluyi-Osa

et al. 2024

World J Virol

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The aim of our minireview is to provide a brief overview of the diagnosis, clinical aspects, treatment options, management, and current literature available regarding herpes simplex keratitis (HSK). This type of corneal viral infection is caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), which can affect several tissues, including the cornea. One significant aspect of HSK is its potential to cause recurrent episodes of inflammation and damage to the cornea. After the initial infection, the HSV can establish a latent infection in the trigeminal ganglion, a nerve cluster near the eye. The virus may remain dormant for extended periods. Periodic reactivation of the virus can occur, leading to recurrent episodes of HSK. Factors triggering reactivation include stress, illness, immunosuppression, or trauma. Recurrent episodes can manifest in different clinical patterns, ranging from mild epithelial involvement to more severe stromal or endothelial disease. The severity and frequency of recurrences vary among individuals. Severe cases of HSK, especially those involving the stroma and leading to scarring, can result in vision impairment or even blindness in extreme cases. The cornea's clarity is crucial for good vision, and scarring can compromise this, potentially leading to visual impairment. The management of HSK involves not only treating acute episodes but also implementing long-term strategies to prevent recurrences and attempt repairs of corneal nerve endings via neurotization. Antiviral medications, such as oral Acyclovir or topical Ganciclovir, may be prescribed for prophylaxis. The immune response to the virus can contribute to corneal damage. Inflammation, caused by the body's attempt to control the infection, may inadvertently harm the corneal tissues. Clinicians should be informed about triggers and advised on measures to minimize the risk of reactivation. In summary, the recurrent nature of HSK underscores the importance of both acute and long-term management strategies to preserve corneal health and maintain optimal visual function.

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Section: Recurrent Herpes Simplex Keratitis: Clinical Features and Pr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Herpes simplex keratitis: A brief clinical overview

Musa,

Enaholo,

Aluyi-Osa

et al. 2024

World J Virol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Reports of New and Recurrent Keratitis following mRNA-based COVID-19 Vaccination

Shah

Glidai

Braunstein

et al. 2022

Ocular Immunology and Inflammation

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COVID-19 Vaccine-Associated Ocular Adverse Effects: An Overview

et al. 2022

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Background: To address the pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), vaccination efforts were initiated across the globe in December 2020 and are continuing. We report the onset interval and clinical presentations of ocular adverse effects following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Methods: For this narrative review, articles in the English language, published between 1 January 2020 to 1 September 2022, were included to formulate a list of the reported ocular adverse effects of different COVID-19 vaccines. Results: During this period, ocular adverse effects have been reported with BNT162b2 (Pfizer), mRNA-1273 (Moderna), AZD-1222 (AstraZeneca), and Ad26.COV2.S (Johnson & Johnson) vaccines. Endothelial graft rejection, herpes simplex virus keratitis, herpes zoster ophthalmicus, anterior uveitis, eyelid edema, purpuric rashes, ischemic optic neuropathy, and cranial nerve palsies were the most reported with BNT163b2. Retinal hemorrhages, vascular occlusions, and angle closure glaucoma were the most reported with AZD-1222. Most of the ocular adverse effects reported in the literature had a good to fair prognosis with appropriate management. Conclusions: Evidence regarding the ocular adverse effects does not outweigh the benefits of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with pre-existing systemic or ophthalmic diseases. This review provides insights into the possible temporal association between reported ocular adverse events and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines; however, further investigations are required to identify the link between potential causality and pathological mechanisms.

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Recurrence of Herpetic Keratitis after COVID-19 Vaccination: A Report of Two Cases

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Herpes simplex keratitis: A brief clinical overview

Herpes simplex keratitis: A brief clinical overview

Reports of New and Recurrent Keratitis following mRNA-based COVID-19 Vaccination

COVID-19 Vaccine-Associated Ocular Adverse Effects: An Overview

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