Recurrence of thoracolumbar intervertebral disk extrusion in chondrodystrophic dogs after surgical decompression with or without prophylactic fenestration: 265 cases (1995–1999)

Brisson, Brigitte A.; Moffatt, Shannon L.; Swayne, Seanna L.; Parent, J

doi:10.2460/javma.2004.224.1808

Cited by 104 publications

(192 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In this study, the breeds most commonly suffering TL-IVDH were the Dachshund (53.3%) followed by the Beagle (13.3%). Similar results have been reported previously, showing that the Dachshund and Beagle were the breeds most commonly presenting TL-IVDH, accounting for 34.7% to 65.7% and 2.9% to 10.9% of cases, respectively [2,3,10,12,14,16,17,19,[21][22][23]. Our data from Japan concerning the susceptibilities of other pure breeds is closely similar to previous reports from the U.S.A. Age at admission in this study agreed with previous data that indicated 5.1 to 6.5 years of age [7, 9, 15-17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 26].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

A Retrospective Study of Intervertebral Disc Herniation in Dogs in Japan: 297 Cases

et al. 2008

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ABSTRACT. We investigated the epidemiological characteristics of intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH) in Japan in a large population using a retrospective study. The sample population was dogs (n=297) with IVDH in Japan. Medical records were reviewed for breed, sex, age, affected interspace and neurological severity. The dogs were comprised of 132 cases of cervical IVDH (C-IVDH) and 165 cases of thoracolumbar IVDH (TL-IVDH). In Japan, the Dachshund, Beagle and Shih Tzu tended to suffer from both C-IVDH and TL-IVDH. The Shiba Inu, a characteristic Japanese dog breed, suffered from both C-IVDH and TL-IVDH, although there was little data relating to the whole breed. Male dogs tended to suffer from C-IVDH and TL-IVDH at a rate almost twice that of females in Japan. Among the three predominant dog breeds, the Dachshund, Beagle and Shih Tzu, the Dachshund tended to suffer from both C-IVDH and TL-IVDH at an earlier age than the Beagle, and the Beagle tended to suffer from both C-IVDH and TL-IVDH earlier than the Shih Tzu. Among the three predominant breeds, the Shih Tzu, in particular, tended to suffer from both C-IVDH and TL-IVDH at multiple sites. Our data from Japan were in partial agreement with previous data from the U.S.A., and epidemiological characteristics of IVDH peculiar to Japan were also identified. KEY WORDS: age at admission, canine, chondrodystrophoid dog, epidemiological study, intervertebral disc disease.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 70 (7): [701][702][703][704][705][706] 2008 Cervical and thoracolumbar intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH) is a common cause of spinal cord dysfunction in dogs seen in small animal practice [1]. Herniation of the disc causes various grades of myelopathy, including pain, paresis and sometimes permanent paralysis. The epidemiology of IVDH in dogs has been widely studied in the U.S.A., with studies investigating a variety of epidemiological factors including breed, sex, age, location of affected interspace, the time between onset of clinical signs to having a medical examination and the severity of the clinical signs. In particular, many reports have suggested that chondrodystrophoid dog breeds tend to suffer from IVDH, with a mean age at admission that differs significantly from other breeds [6,12,13,18,22]. Epidemiological data provide clinical veterinarians with an advantage prior to diagnosis or medical treatment of IVDH. However, in Japan, the epidemiological characteristics of IVDH in dogs have not been studied sufficiently [20]. Differences in the epidemiological characteristics of IVDH in dogs between the U.S.A. and Japan might exist because the characteristics of the disease may depend in part on the canine population or the living environment of the country. To establish whether this is the case, it is necessary to examine original Japanese epidemiological data for IVDH in dogs. Therefore, we investigated the epidemiological characteristics of IVDH in Japan in a large population using a retrospective study, and in particular, evaluated the association between specific br...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

A Retrospective Study of Intervertebral Disc Herniation in Dogs in Japan: 297 Cases

et al. 2008

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“…For instance, 22/23 (96%) of L4‐S3 SCI small‐breed or chondrodystrophic dogs with compressive lesions and UMN incontinence recovered within 3 weeks, and the remaining dog had recovered by 40 days. This result is not surprising, because these dogs are analogous to small‐breed, chondrodystrophic dogs with T3‐L3 SCI and preserved CPP caused by intervertebral disk extrusions, and a consensus exists that these dogs have an excellent prognosis (86%‐96% recovery rate) after decompressive surgery 5, 15, 17, 18, 19…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…One of these studies concerned dogs with loss of CPP,4 but the other 2 studies only had 15 and 36 such dogs. Prognosis for dogs with retained CPP in thoracolumbar intervertebral disk herniation usually is considered excellent (functional recovery in approximately 95% of dogs overall5, 15, 17, 18, 19), and thus, the low number of dogs that did not recover in these studies (0/175 and 7/366) is not surprising and may have led to a type II error.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Prognostic Factors Associated with Recovery of Ambulation and Urinary Continence in Dogs with Acute Lumbosacral Spinal Cord Injury

Shaw

Risio

Laws

et al. 2017

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundLimited information is available about prognostic factors for recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) to the L4‐S3 segments. Previous research suggests that L4‐S3 SCI does not have a worse prognosis than T3‐L3 SCI.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo elucidate prognostic factors for regaining urinary continence and ambulation in dogs with L4‐S3 SCI and compare prognosis to T3‐L3 SCI.Animals/MethodsA retrospective study on 61 nonambulatory dogs with L4‐S3 SCI, matched to dogs with T3‐L3 SCI, compared 3 weeks after onset. Prognostic factors explored using logistic regression and used for matching: nonchondrodystrophic dogs >15 kg versus dogs that were chondrodystrophic or <15 kg; compressive versus noncompressive lesions; presence versus absence of conscious pain perception (CPP); and lower vs upper motor neuron (LMN/UMN) incontinence.ResultsFewer L4‐S3 dogs regained continence compared to T3‐L3 dogs (64 vs 85%, P = .0033), but no difference existed for regaining ambulation (66 vs 75%, P = .1306). In L4‐S3 SCI dogs, fewer dogs regained continence with loss of CPP (P < .001), LMN incontinence (P = .004), and noncompressive lesions (P = .006). Negative prognostic factors for regaining ambulation included absent CPP (P < .001) and large nonchondrodystrophic breed (P = .022).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDogs with L4‐S3 SCI have a poorer short‐term prognosis than do dogs with T3‐L3 SCI. Dogs with L4‐S3 SCI had a poor prognosis with loss of CPP, or noncompressive lesions combined with LMN incontinence. Small‐breed or chondrodystrophic dogs with retained CPP, compressive lesions, and UMN incontinence had an excellent prognosis. These findings may help guide decision‐making in L4‐S3 SCI.

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“…Chondrodystrophic breeds such as Dachshunds are frequently affected by early degeneration of intervertebral disks and presence of intercapital ligaments may partially prevent intervertebral disks to herniate in cranial segments of the thoracic vertebral column 2, 3, 4, 5, 23, 42, 44, 45…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Preoperative Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Clinical Assessment of Deep Pain Perception as Prognostic Tools for Early Recovery of Motor Function in Paraplegic Dogs with Intervertebral Disk Herniations

Wang‐Leandro

Siedenburg

Hobert

et al. 2017

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundPrognostic tools to predict early postoperative motor function recovery (MFR) after thoracolumbar intervertebral disk herniation (IVDH) in paraplegic dogs represent an opportunity to timely implement novel therapies that could shorten recovery times and diminish permanent neurological dysfunctions.HypothesisFractional anisotropy (FA) values obtained using diffusion tensor imaging have a higher prognostic value than a lesion extension ratio in T2‐weighted images (T2W‐LER) and clinical assessment of deep pain perception (DPP) for MFR.AnimalsThirty‐five paraplegic dogs with diagnosis of acute or subacute thoracolumbar IVDH.MethodsProspective, descriptive observational study. At admission, absence or presence of DPP, T2W‐LER, and FA values was evaluated. MFR was assessed within 4 weeks after decompressive surgery. Values of T2W‐LER and FA of dogs with and without MFR were compared using t‐tests. All 3 methods were evaluated for their sensitivity and specificity as a prognostic factor.ResultsNo differences were found between groups regarding T2W‐LER. FA values differed statistically when measured caudally of lesion epicenter being higher in dogs without MFR compared to dogs with MFR (P = .023). Logistic regression analysis revealed significance in FA values measured caudally of the lesion epicenter (P = .033, area under the curve = 0.72). Using a cutoff value of FA = 0.660, the technique had a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 55%. Evaluation of DPP had a sensitivity of 73.3% and specificity of 75% (P = .007).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceEvaluation of DPP showed a similar sensitivity and a better specificity predicting early MFR than quantitative magnetic resonance imaging.

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Recurrence of thoracolumbar intervertebral disk extrusion in chondrodystrophic dogs after surgical decompression with or without prophylactic fenestration: 265 cases (1995–1999)

Cited by 104 publications

References 26 publications

A Retrospective Study of Intervertebral Disc Herniation in Dogs in Japan: 297 Cases

A Retrospective Study of Intervertebral Disc Herniation in Dogs in Japan: 297 Cases

Prognostic Factors Associated with Recovery of Ambulation and Urinary Continence in Dogs with Acute Lumbosacral Spinal Cord Injury

Comparison of Preoperative Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Clinical Assessment of Deep Pain Perception as Prognostic Tools for Early Recovery of Motor Function in Paraplegic Dogs with Intervertebral Disk Herniations

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