Recurrent respiratory infections between immunity and atopy

Tymoshyna

Vertehel

et al. 2022

Background. Recently, with the emergence of new pathogenic viruses’ variants, attention is drawn to the functioning status of innate immunity components, which are able to neutralize unknown microorganisms at the early stages of infection. Therefore, the study of phagocytosis disorders in children with respiratory recurrent infectious diseases will supply the scientific data on the processes of age-dependent formation of antimicrobial protection. The purpose: to improve the diagnosis of innate immune disorders in preschool children with respiratory recurrent infectious on the background of new data on phagocytosis parameters. Materials and methods. Sixty children aged from 2 to 5 years were observed. Two groups were formed: 1) children with respiratory tract acute infectious more than 6 times per year (n = 30); 2) children with respiratory acute infectious 6 or fewer times per year (n = 30). Results. The children of group 1 presented with statistically significantly increased cases of low phagocytic counts (by 60.0 %, p < 0.05), phagocytic index (by 56.0 %, p < 0.05), index of phagocytosis completeness (70.0 %, p < 0.05), neutrophil phagocytic activity stimulated by Staphylococcus (50.0 %, p < 0.05) and high rates of spontaneous neutrophil phagocytic activity (43.3 %, p < 0.05), increased serum level of interleukin-1β (46.7 %, p < 0 05), interleukin-6 (43.3 %, p < 0.05), interleukin-10 (by 30.0 %, p < 0.05), TNF (by 46.7 %, p < 0.05). Conclusions. In children aged 2–5 years with respiratory acute infectious diseases more than 6 times per year, phagocytic dysfunction was established. It is manifested itself in a decrease of phagocytosis absorption and stimulated metabolic activity on the background of increased pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines serum level, ie cytokine imbalance.

Section: матеріали та методиunclassified

Features of phagocytosis function in children of preschool age depending on the incidence of acute respiratory diseases

Tymoshyna

Vertehel

et al. 2022

“…Визначення частих повторних респіраторних інфекцій у дітей базувалося на таких міжнародних критеріях: 1) більш ніж 6 епізодів інфекцій дихальних шляхів протягом 1 року; 2) більше 1 епізоду інфекції верхніх дихальних шляхів на місяць у період з вересня по квітень; 3) понад 3 епізоди інфекцій нижніх дихальних шляхів протягом одного року [8].…”

Section: матеріали та методиunclassified

The systemic pro- and antioxidant processes in preschool children with recurrent acute respiratory diseases

Tymoshyna

Vertehel

et al. 2022

Background. The imbalance of innate defense early mechanisms in children from pathogens — peroxidation and antioxidant system, can lead to a decrease in the efficiency of the entire immune system. The study of the lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant protection (AOP) status in children with recurrent acute respiratory diseases will complement the scientific data on the antimicrobial immunity formation processes. The study was aimed to increase the information value of timely detected pro- and antioxidant processes disorders in children with recurrent acute respiratory diseases by studying the primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary compounds of LPO and AOP in the serum. Materials and methods. Sixty children aged from 2 to 5 years were examined. Two groups were formed: group 1 — children with respiratory acute infectious more than six times per year (n = 30); group 2 — children with respiratory acute infectious six or fewer times per year (n = 30). Results. The children in group 1 more often presented with high serum levels of lipid hydroperoxides (by 80.0 %; p < 0.05), diene conjugates (by 80.0 %; p < 0.05), malonic dialdehyde (76.7 %; p < 0.05), diene ketones (76.7 %; p < 0.05), Schiff bases (76.7 %; p < 0.05). ceruloplasmin (80.0 %; p < 0.05), superoxide dismutase (80.0 %; p < 0.05), glutathione peroxidase (86.7 %; p < 0.05), catalase activity (86.7 %; p < 0.05). The values of retinol, tocopherol, ascorbic acid in children in the observation groups did not differ statistically significantly. Conclusions. The children aged from 2 to 5 years old with recurrent acute respiratory diseases have an imbalance of the LPO and AOP systems. It was characterized by a simultaneous increase in the serum content of the primary, secondary, and end-products of LPO, enzymes of anti-peroxide and anti-oxygen protection against the background of the lack of adaptive increase in the content of anti-radical compounds.

“…Визначення «часті повторні респіраторні інфекції» у дітей базувалося на таких міжнародних критеріях: 1) більш ніж 6 епізодів інфекцій дихальних шляхів протягом 1 року; 2) більше 1 епізоду інфекції верхніх дихальних шляхів на місяць у період з вересня по квітень; 3) понад 3 епізоди інфекції нижніх дихальних шляхів протягом одного року [6].…”

Section: матеріали та методиunclassified

Serum Level of Some Cytokines in Children 6-10 Years Old With High Frequency of Acute Respiratory Infections

Modern Medical Technology

Vertegel

Redko

et al. 2022

Objective: improved diagnosis of immune disorders in children aged 6-10 years old, who are often ill od upper respiratory tract infections (URTI), on the basis of these data, further investigation of serum equalities of cytokines, a way of diagnosing with indications in healthy children. Materials and methods. There were 60 children of 6 to 10 years of age, from which 2 groups were formed: 1). children who are often ill with URTI (n=30); 2). children, who do not get sick often URTI (n=30). Results. among children of 6-10 years of age, as often ill with URTI, the frequency of registration of high indications in place of interleukin-6 blood serum (by 53.3%, p<0.05), TNF (by 63.3%, p <0.05) and low indications for interleukin-10 (by 33.3%, p<0.05), it was established that there was a high probability (odds ratio) of an increase serum interleukin-6, TNF and a decrease in interleukin-10 as a reference value, it is associated with the presence of an increased incidence of URTI in children. Conclusion. in children aged 6-10 years, as they often fall ill with URTI, may tend to intensify pro-inflammation of the immune reactions, which still does not ensure a decrease in serious illness on URTI and unsafe side of the development of opportunistic diseases.