Recurrent Themes in the Treatment of African-American Women in Group Psychotherapy

Boyd-Franklin, Nancy

doi:10.1300/j015v11n02_04

Cited by 85 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…As a racial identifier in the United States, hair is second only to skin color (Arogundade, 2000;Boyd-Franklin, 1991;Mercer, 1990), both historically and ancestrally tied to racial categorization (Blay, 2010). Because tightly coiled or kinky hair textures are common only among African people (Banks, 2000;Spellers, 2003), racially motivated devaluations of African hair textures primarily affect Blacks.…”

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confidence: 99%

Hair as Race: Why “Good Hair” May Be Bad for Black Females

Robinson

2011

Howard Journal of Communications

104

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Critically examining the relationship between race, Black female beauty, and hair texture, this qualitative study used narratives from 38 Black females between the ages of 19 and 81, to determine messages that communicate hair valuations to Black females, definitions of good and bad hair, and motivations for desiring good hair. A legacy of slavery, hair valuations reflect racially motivated beauty standards that work against Black females. As Chris Rock's Good Hair (2009) illustrates, the connection of hair to beauty intersect with race and gender, placing a particular burden on Black females whose naturally kinky hair textures are low on beauty continuums. Through communication from adults, peers, and males, Black females learn about good and bad hair valuations. However, participants' own descriptions of, and motivations for, good hair are more relevant to maintenance than beauty-bad hair needs straightening, good hair does not. Unstraightened, the shorter, kinky textures can be difficult to comb, style, and manage. Yet, it is the kinkiness that allows the creative diversity of popular Black hairstyles that, paradoxically, makes bad hair particularly good for unstraightened styles. Hair valuations are bad for Black females because they elevate White beauty standards and devalue hair textures common among Black females.KEYTERMS Black hair, color complex, colorism, good and bad hair, kink factor, White beauty standards In Black homes and communities all across the United States, there exists a hidden caste system with a long and painful history (Blay, 2010;Kerr,

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confidence: 99%

Hair as Race: Why “Good Hair” May Be Bad for Black Females

Robinson

2011

Howard Journal of Communications

104

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“…As noted earlier group work may be particularly relevant for racial minority populations given their racial and ethnic identities, value systems, and having a shared sociocultural history that is characterized by stereotypes, oppression, prejudice, and discrimination (Boyd-Franklin, 1991;Hans & Vasquez, 2000;Ho, 1984;Nayman, 1983;Shipp, 1983). Despite this, no articles were found in the Journal of Counselor Education and Supervision, and only 1% were found in the Journal of Counseling & Development (the two journals that serve as the major supporters of research and education in the area of counseling and counselor education and supervision).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Group Counseling With United States Racial Minority Groups: A 25-Year Content Analysis

Stark-Rose

Livingston-Sacin

Merchant

et al. 2012

The Journal for Specialists in Group Work

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“…They are expected to be able to survive through any hardship, be completely independent, economically selfsufficient, and always put the needs of her family above her own [8,10,27]. Research has shown that African American women may internalize this matriarchal stereotype [1,22,41].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of self-protective behaviors on injury for African American women in domestic violence situations

Wyckoff

Simpson

2008

Crime Law Soc Change

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The stereotype of the strong, independent, and invulnerable African American woman may have implications in violent intimate partner relationships. More specifically, one behavioral manifestation of this stereotype is that African American women may be more likely to "fight back" in domestic violence situations. However, little is known about the consequences of these self-protective behaviors for African American women. To this end, this study will address whether forceful and nonforceful acts of resistance result in the desired effect of avoiding injury. Using a sample of incarcerated African American women, this study examines the effects of self-protective behaviors on injury for a marginalized population at a high risk of violence.

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Recurrent Themes in the Treatment of African-American Women in Group Psychotherapy

Cited by 85 publications

References 4 publications

Hair as Race: Why “Good Hair” May Be Bad for Black Females

Hair as Race: Why “Good Hair” May Be Bad for Black Females

Group Counseling With United States Racial Minority Groups: A 25-Year Content Analysis

The effects of self-protective behaviors on injury for African American women in domestic violence situations

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